1653 in England explained

Events from the year 1653 in England.

Incumbents

• Lord Protector – Oliver Cromwell (starting 16 December)

Events

• 18–20 February (28 February–2 March New Style) – First Anglo–Dutch War: Battle of Portland off the Isle of Portland. Both sides claim victory but the English retain control of the Channel.
• 14 March – First Anglo–Dutch War: Battle of Leghorn: A Dutch fleet defeats the English in the Mediterranean but the Dutch commander, Johan van Galen, later dies of his wounds.
• 18 April – London–York stagecoach first recorded.
• 20 April – Oliver Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament.
• 2 - 3 June (12 - 13 June New Style) – First Anglo-Dutch War: Battle of the Gabbard off the coast of Suffolk: The English navy defeats the Dutch fleet, which loses 17 ships.^[1]
• 4 July–12 December – the Barebones Parliament meets in London.
• 8 July – John Thurloe becomes Cromwell's head of intelligence.^[2]
• 8–10 August – Battle of Scheveningen: the final naval battle of the First Anglo-Dutch War is fought, between the fleets of the Commonwealth and the United Provinces off the Texel; the English navy gains a tactical victory over the Dutch fleet.
• 16 December – Instrument of Government: Britain's first written constitution, under which Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland,^{[3] [4]} being advised by a remodelled Council of State. This is the start of The First Protectorate, bringing an end to the first period of republican government in the country, the Commonwealth of England.

Undated

• Cornelius Vermuyden completes excavation of the Forty Foot Drain and associated works for reclamation of The Fens.
• Sir Robert Shirley has a new parish church built at Staunton Harold in Leicestershire.

Publications

• Izaak Walton's discourse The Compleat Angler.

Births

• 10 March – John Benbow, admiral (died 1702 in Jamaica)
• 2 April – Prince George of Denmark, consort of Anne, Queen of Great Britain (died 1708)
• 5 July – Thomas Pitt, Governor of Madras (died 1726)^[5]
• 9 August – John Oldham, poet (died 1683)
• 14 August – Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, statesman (died 1688)
• 3 September – Roger North, lawyer and biographer (died 1734)

Deaths

• 21 January – John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol, diplomat (born 1580)
• 25 March – Nicholas Martyn, politician (born 1593)
• 26 May – Robert Filmer, political theorist (born 1588)
• 22 October – Thomas de Critz, painter (born 1607)
• December – John Taylor, "The Water Poet" (born 1578)

Notes and References

1. Book: Palmer, Alan. Palmer. Veronica. 1992. The Chronology of British History. Century Ltd. London. 185–186. 0-7126-5616-2.
2. Web site: Timothy. Venning. Thurloe, John (bap. 1616, d. 1668). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. 2004. 2012-07-10. 10.1093/ref:odnb/27405.
3. Book: Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 0-14-102715-0. 2006.
4. Web site: Commonwealth Instrument of Government, 1653. Modern History Sourcebook. Fordham University. New York. August 1998. 2012-07-10.
5. Web site: Thomas Pitt British merchant . Encyclopedia Britannica . 20 September 2021 . en.