1650 in England explained

Events from the year 1650 in England, second year of the Third English Civil War.

Events

• 1 May – claimant King Charles II of England signs the Treaty of Breda with the Scottish Covenanters.
• 10 May – Commonwealth (Adultery) Act (1650) imposes the death penalty for incest, and for adultery, that is defined as sexual intercourse between a married woman and a man other than her husband. Both partners would be liable for death sentence in such a case, although the courts are reluctant to impose the ultimate penalty.^[1] If a man (married or unmarried) has sex with an unmarried woman (including a widow), that would be fornication, punishable only by three months for first offenders, applicable to both partners.^{[1] [2]} In the history of adultery in English law, this represents the only time since the twelfth century when adultery has been outlawed in secular statute law.^[3]
• 17 May – a quarter of the New Model Army at the Siege of Clonmel in Ireland is trapped and killed.
• 26 May – Oliver Cromwell leaves Ireland (following the Siege of Clonmel), occasioning Andrew Marvell's An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland.
• 23 June – Charles arrives in Scotland (at Garmouth) where he signs the Covenant.^[4]
• 13 August – Colonel George Monck forms Monck's Regiment of Foot, forerunner of the Coldstream Guards.
• 3 September – Oliver Cromwell is victorious over the Scottish Covenanters at the Battle of Dunbar, opening the Anglo-Scottish war (1650–1652).^[4]
• 19 September – With the Treaty of Hartford, the Dutch and English establish the frontiers between their colonies in North America.^[5]
• 29 September – Henry Robinson opens his Office of Addresses and Encounters, a form of employment exchange, in Threadneedle Street, London.
• 30 October – the Religious Society of Friends acquires the nickname "Quakers" when the judge at George Fox's blasphemy trial says that they "tremble at the word of the Lord".^[6]
• 14 December – Anne Greene is hanged at Oxford Castle for infanticide, having concealed an illegitimate stillbirth. The following day she revives in the dissection room and, being pardoned, lives until 1665.^{[7] [8]}

Undated

• Cornelius Vermuyden completes excavation of the New Bedford River as part of the drainage of The Fens.
• William How publishes his flora Phytologia Britannica.
• Puritans chop down the original Glastonbury Thorn.

Births

• 2 February (?) – Nell Gwyn, actress and royal mistress (died 1687)
• 24 March – Sir Jonathan Trelawny, 3rd Baronet, bishop (died 1721)
• 18 April – Sir Edward Dering, 3rd Baronet, Member of Parliament (died 1689)
• 20 April – William Bedloe, informer (died 1680)
• 1 May (bapt.) – John Radcliffe, physician (died 1714)
• 26 May – John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, general (died 1722)
• 14 September – Theophilus Oglethorpe, soldier and Member of Parliament (died 1702)
• 23 September – Jeremy Collier, theatre critic, non-juror bishop and theologian (died 1726)
• 20 October – Robert Shirley, 1st Earl Ferrers, courtier (died 1717)
• 7 November – John Robinson, diplomat (died 1723)
• November – Cloudesley Shovell, admiral (died 1707)
• 14 November – King William III of England, Scotland, and Ireland (died 1702)
• 1 December (bapt.) – William Talman, architect (died 1719)
• Undated
  • George Rooke, admiral (died 1709)
  • Richard Lumley, 1st Earl of Scarbrough, statesman (died 1721)
• Approximate date
  • Solomon de Medina, French-born army contractor (died 1720)
  • Charlotte Paston, Countess of Yarmouth, née FitzRoy, noblewoman, illegitimate daughter of Charles II (died 1684)

Deaths

• February – Sir Thomas Bowyer, 1st Baronet, politician (born 1586)
• 9 March – Elizabeth Savage, Countess Rivers, courtier (born 1581)
• 18 April – Simonds d'Ewes, antiquarian and politician (born 1602)
• 9 July (burial) – Alice Barnham, wife of Francis Bacon (born 1592)
• 25 August – Richard Crashaw, poet (born c. 1613)
• 8 September – Princess Elizabeth of England, daughter of Charles I (born 1635)
• 13 November – Thomas May, poet and historian (born 1595)
• 13 December – Phineas Fletcher, poet (born 1582)
• 25 December – Thomas Cooper, former Usher of Gresham's School and Royalist, hanged
• Probable date – Isaac Ewer, soldier and regicide (year of birth unknown)

Notes and References

1. Book: Lay, Paul. Providence Lost. London. Head of Zeus. 2021. 2020. 9781781853368. 176.
2. Book: Kenyon, J. P.. J. P. Kenyon. The Interregnum, 1649–1660. Kenyon, J. P.. The Stuart Constitution. Cambridge University Press. 1969. 330.
3. Jeremy D.. Weinstein. Adultery, Law and the State: A History. Hastings Law Journal. 38. 1. 1986. 195–238.
4. Web site: 1650, British Civil Wars. 2007-09-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20071012050419/http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/timelines/1650.htm. 12 October 2007.
5. Book: Williams, Hywel. Cassell's Chronology of World History. registration. London. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 2005. 0-304-35730-8. 263–264.
6. Book: Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 0-14-102715-0. 2006.
7. Book: A Scholler in Oxford. Newes from the Dead, or a True and Exact Narration of the Miraculous Deliverance of Anne Greene; whereunto are prefixed certain Poems casually written upon that subject. Oxford. printed by Leonard Lichfield for Tho. Robinson. 1651. Includes Latin verses by Christopher Wren.
8. 10.1136/bmj.285.6357.1792. 6816370. 1500297. Hughes. J. Trevor. Miraculous Deliverance of Anne Green: An Oxford Case Of Resuscitation In The Seventeenth Century. 29509089. British Medical Journal. 285. 6357. 1982. 1792–1793.