Prince Charles Stuart declares himself King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland. At the time all three Kingdoms had not recognised him as ruler.
2 August – Battle of Rathmines – a combined Irish Confederate and English Royalist force trying to besiege Dublin is routed by the English Parliamentarians with heavy casualties.
November (early) – Battle of Arklow: An Irish force attacks Cromwell's army as it marches south but is beaten off.
19 November – Carrick-on-Suir taken by stealth by Cromwellian forces after they discover an undefended gate. An Irish counter-attack under Major Geoghegan on 24 November is repulsed with five hundred Irish Confederate soldiers killed.
10 December – Cromwell calls off the siege of Waterford and retires to Youghal: due to bad weather and disease, only 3,000 of his 6,500 besieging force are still fit for duty.
