16-Ketoestradiol Explained

16-Ketoestradiol (16-keto-E2, 16-oxoestradiol, or 16-oxo-E2) is an endogenous estrogen related to 16-ketoestrone.^{[1] [2] [3]} 16-Ketoestrone is a very weak estrogen with only 1/1000 the estrogenic potency of estradiol in the uterus. It is a so-called "short-acting" or "impeded" estrogen, similarly to estriol and dimethylstilbestrol.^{[4] [5] [6] [7] [8]}

See also

• 16-Ketoestrone

Notes and References

1. Web site: Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for 16-Ketoestradiol (HMDB0000406).
2. Book: Breuer. Heinz. The Metabolism of the Natural Estrogens. Vitamins & Hormones. 20. 1962. 285–335. 0083-6729. 10.1016/S0083-6729(08)60720-7. 9780127098203.
3. Huggins C, Jensen EV . The depression of estrone-induced uterine growth by phenolic estrogens with oxygenated functions at positions 6 or 16: the impeded estrogens . J. Exp. Med. . 102 . 3 . 335–46 . September 1955 . 13252187 . 2136510 . 10.1084/jem.102.3.335 .
4. Clark JH, Paszko Z, Peck EJ . Nuclear binding and retention of the receptor estrogen complex: relation to the agonistic and antagonistic properties of estriol . Endocrinology . 100 . 1 . 91–6 . January 1977 . 830547 . 10.1210/endo-100-1-91 .
5. Clark JH, Hardin JW, McCormack SA . Mechanism of action of estrogen agonists and antagonists . J. Anim. Sci. . 49 . 46–65 . 1979 . Suppl 2 . 400777 . 10.1093/ansci/49.supplement_ii.46 .
6. Lunan CB, Klopper A . Antioestrogens. A review . Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) . 4 . 5 . 551–72 . September 1975 . 170029 . 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1975.tb01568.x . 9628572 . free .
7. Clark JH, Markaverich BM . The agonistic and antagonistic effects of short acting estrogens: a review . Pharmacol. Ther. . 21 . 3 . 429–53 . 1983 . 6356176 . 10.1016/0163-7258(83)90063-3 .
8. Clark JH, Markaverich BM . The agonistic and antagonistic actions of estriol . J. Steroid Biochem. . 20 . 4B . 1005–13 . April 1984 . 6202959 . 10.1016/0022-4731(84)90011-6 .