June 15 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 763 BC  - Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history.^[1]
• 844  - Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II.^[2]
• 923  - Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed and King Charles the Simple is arrested by the supporters of Duke Rudolph of Burgundy.^[3]
• 1184  - The naval Battle of Fimreite is won by the Birkebeiner pretender Sverre Sigurdsson. Sigurdsson takes the Norwegian throne and King Magnus V of Norway is killed.
• 1215  - King John of England puts his seal to Magna Carta.
• 1219  - Northern Crusades: Danish victory at the Battle of Lindanise (modern-day Tallinn) establishes the Danish Duchy of Estonia.
• 1246  - With the death of Frederick II, Duke of Austria, the Babenberg dynasty ends in Austria.
• 1300  - The city of Bilbao is founded.
• 1312  - At the Battle of Rozgony, King Charles I of Hungary wins a decisive victory over the family of Palatine Amade Aba.
• 1389  - Battle of Kosovo: The Ottoman Empire defeats Serbs and Bosnians.
• 1410  - In a decisive battle at Onon River, the Mongol forces of Oljei Temur were decimated by the Chinese armies of the Yongle Emperor.
• 1410  - Ottoman Interregnum: Süleyman Çelebi defeats his brother Musa Çelebi outside the Byzantine capital, Constantinople.^[4]
• 1502  - Christopher Columbus lands on the island of Martinique on his fourth voyage.
• 1520  - Pope Leo X threatens to excommunicate Martin Luther in Exsurge Domine.

1601–1900

• 1607  - Virginia Colonists finished building James's Fort, to defend against Spanish and Indian attacks.^[5]
• 1648  - Margaret Jones is hanged in Boston for witchcraft in the first such execution for the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
• 1667  - The first human blood transfusion is administered by Dr. Jean-Baptiste Denys.
• 1670  - The first stone of Fort Ricasoli is laid down in Malta.
• 1752  - Benjamin Franklin proves that lightning is electricity (traditional date, the exact date is unknown).
• 1776  - Delaware Separation Day: Delaware votes to suspend government under the British Crown and separate officially from Pennsylvania.
• 1800  - The Provisional Army of the United States is dissolved.
• 1804  - New Hampshire approves the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratifying the document.
• 1808  - Joseph Bonaparte becomes King of Spain.
• 1834  - The looting of Safed commences.^[6]
• 1836  - Arkansas is admitted as the 25th U.S. state.
• 1844  - Charles Goodyear receives a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber.
• 1846  - The Oregon Treaty extends the border between the United States and British North America, established by the Treaty of 1818, westward to the Pacific Ocean.
• 1859  - Ambiguity in the Oregon Treaty leads to the "Northwestern Boundary Dispute" between American and British/Canadian settlers.
• 1864  - American Civil War: The Second Battle of Petersburg begins.
• 1864  - Arlington National Cemetery is established when 200acres of the Arlington estate (formerly owned by the family of Confederate General Robert E. Lee) are officially set aside as a military cemetery by U.S. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.^[7]
• 1877  - Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first African American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy.^[8]
• 1878  - Eadweard Muybridge takes a series of photographs to prove that all four feet of a horse leave the ground when it runs; the study becomes the basis of motion pictures.
• 1888  - Crown Prince Wilhelm becomes Kaiser Wilhelm II; he will be the last Emperor of the German Empire. Due to the death of his predecessors Wilhelm I and Frederick III, 1888 is the Year of the Three Emperors.
• 1896  - One of the deadliest tsunamis in Japan's history kills more than 22,000 people.^[9]

1901–present

• 1904  - A fire aboard the steamboat in New York City's East River kills 1,000.
• 1916  - United States President Woodrow Wilson signs a bill incorporating the Boy Scouts of America, making them the only American youth organization with a federal charter.
• 1919  - John Alcock and Arthur Brown complete the first nonstop transatlantic flight when they reach Clifden, County Galway, Ireland.
• 1920  - Following the 1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Northern Schleswig is transferred from Germany to Denmark.^[10]
• 1921  - Bessie Coleman earns her pilot's license, becoming the first female pilot of African-American descent.
• 1934  - The United States Great Smoky Mountains National Park is founded.
• 1936  - First flight of the Vickers Wellington bomber.
• 1937  - A German expedition led by Karl Wien loses sixteen members in an avalanche on Nanga Parbat. It is the worst single disaster to occur on an 8000m peak.
• 1940  - World War II: Operation Aerial begins: Allied troops start to evacuate France, following Germany's takeover of Paris and most of the nation.
• 1944  - World War II: The United States invades Saipan, capital of Japan's South Seas Mandate.
• 1944  - In the Saskatchewan general election, the CCF, led by Tommy Douglas, is elected and forms the first socialist government in North America.
• 1970  - Charles Manson goes on trial for the Sharon Tate murders.
• 1972  - Red Army Faction co-founder Ulrike Meinhof is captured by police in Langenhagen.
• 1972  - Cathay Pacific Flight 700Z is destroyed by a bomb over Pleiku, Vietnam (then South Vietnam) and kills 81 people.^[11]
• 1977  - After the death of dictator Francisco Franco in 1975, the first democratic elections took place in Spain.
• 1978  - King Hussein of Jordan marries Jordanian-American Lisa Halaby, who takes the name Queen Noor.^[12]
• 1985  - Rembrandt's painting Danaë is attacked by a man (later judged insane) who throws sulfuric acid on the canvas and cuts it twice with a knife.
• 1991  - In the Philippines, Mount Pinatubo erupts in the second largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century, killing over 800 people.
• 1992  - The United States Supreme Court rules in United States v. Álvarez-Machaín that it is permissible for the United States to forcibly extradite suspects in foreign countries and bring them to the United States for trial, without approval from those other countries.
• 1996  - The Troubles: The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) detonates a powerful truck bomb in the middle of Manchester, England, devastating the city centre and injuring 200 people.
• 2001  - Leaders of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan formed the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.
• 2007  - The Nokkakivi Amusement Park is opened in Lievestuore, Laukaa, Finland.^[13]
• 2012  - Nik Wallenda becomes the first person to successfully tightrope walk directly over Niagara Falls.
• 2013  - A bomb explodes on a bus in the Pakistani city of Quetta, killing at least 25 people and wounding 22 others.
• 2022  - Microsoft retires its ubiquitous Internet Explorer after 26 years in favor of its new browser, Microsoft Edge.^[14]

Births

Pre-1600

• 1330  - Edward, the Black Prince of England (d. 1376)^[15]
• 1479  - Lisa del Giocondo, Italian model, subject of the Mona Lisa (d. 1542)^[16]
• 1519  - Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d. 1536)
• 1542  - Richard Grenville, English captain and explorer (d. 1591)
• 1549  - Elizabeth Knollys, English noblewoman (d. 1605)
• 1553  - Archduke Ernest of Austria (d. 1595)

1601–1900

• 1605  - Thomas Randolph, English poet and playwright (d. 1635)
• 1623  - Cornelis de Witt, Dutch politician (d. 1672)^[17]
• 1624  - Hiob Ludolf, German orientalist and philologist (d. 1704)
• 1640  - Bernard Lamy, French mathematician and theologian (d. 1715)
• 1645  - Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin, English politician (d. 1712)
• 1749  - Georg Joseph Vogler, German organist, composer, and theorist (d. 1814)
• 1754  - Juan José Elhuyar, Spanish chemist and mineralogist (d. 1796)^[18]
• 1755  - Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy, French chemist and entomologist (d. 1809)
• 1763  - Franz Danzi, German cellist, composer, and conductor (d. 1826)
• 1763  - Kobayashi Issa, Japanese priest and poet (d. 1827)
• 1765  - Henry Thomas Colebrooke, English orientalist (d. 1837)^[19]
• 1767  - Rachel Jackson, American wife of Andrew Jackson (d. 1828)
• 1777  - David Daniel Davis, Welsh physician and academic (d. 1841)
• 1789  - Josiah Henson, American minister, author, and activist (d. 1883)
• 1790  - Charles-Amédée Kohler, Swiss chocolatier (d. 1874)^[20]
• 1792  - Thomas Mitchell, Scottish-Australian colonel and explorer (d. 1855)
• 1801  - Benjamin Wright Raymond, American merchant and politician, 3rd Mayor of Chicago (d. 1883)
• 1805  - William B. Ogden, American businessman and politician, 1st Mayor of Chicago (d. 1877)
• 1809  - François-Xavier Garneau, Canadian poet and historian (d. 1866)
• 1822  - Alfonso Corti, Italian anatomist (d. 1876)^[21]
• 1835  - Adah Isaacs Menken, American actress, painter, and poet (d. 1868)
• 1843  - Edvard Grieg, Norwegian pianist and composer (d. 1907)
• 1848  - Gheevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala, Indian bishop and saint (d. 1902)
• 1872  - Thomas William Burgess, English swimmer and water polo player (d. 1950)
• 1875  - Herman Smith-Johannsen, Norwegian-Canadian skier (d. 1987)
• 1878  - Margaret Abbott, Indian-American golfer (d. 1955)^[22]
• 1881  - Kesago Nakajima, Japanese lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army (d. 1945)
• 1884  - Harry Langdon, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1944)
• 1886  - Frank Clement, British racing driver (d. 1970)
• 1888  - Martin D'Arcy, English Jesuit priest (d. 1976)^[23]
• 1888  - Ramón López Velarde, Mexican poet and author (d. 1921)
• 1890  - Georg Wüst, German oceanographer and academic (d. 1977)
• 1894  - Robert Russell Bennett, American composer and conductor (d. 1981)
• 1894  - Nikolai Chebotaryov, Ukrainian-Russian mathematician and theorist (d. 1947)
• 1898  - Hubertus Strughold, German-American physiologist and academic (d. 1986)
• 1900  - Gotthard Günther, German philosopher and academic (d. 1984)
• 1900  - Otto Luening, German-American composer and conductor (d. 1996)

1901–present

• 1901  - Elmar Lohk, Russian-Estonian architect (d. 1963)
• 1902  - Erik Erikson, German-American psychologist and psychoanalyst (d. 1994)
• 1906  - Gordon Welchman, English-American mathematician and author (d. 1985)
• 1906  - Léon Degrelle, Belgian SS officer (d. 1994)
• 1907  - James Robertson Justice, English actor and educator (d. 1975)
• 1909  - Elena Nikolaidi, Greek-American soprano and educator (d. 2002)
• 1910  - David Rose, English-American pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1990)
• 1911  - Wilbert Awdry, English author, created The Railway Series, the basis for Thomas the Tank Engine (d. 1997)
• 1913  - Tom Adair, American songwriter, composer, and screenwriter (d. 1988)
• 1914  - Yuri Andropov, Russian politician (d. 1984)
• 1914  - Saul Steinberg, Romanian-American cartoonist (d. 1999)
• 1914  - Hilda Terry, American cartoonist (d. 2006)
• 1915  - Nini Theilade, Danish ballet dancer, choreographer, and educator (d. 2018)
• 1915  - Thomas Huckle Weller, American biologist and virologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008)
• 1916  - Olga Erteszek, Polish-American fashion designer (d. 1989)
• 1916  - Horacio Salgán, Argentinian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 2016)
• 1916  - Herbert A. Simon, American political scientist and economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)
• 1917  - John Fenn, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2010)
• 1917  - Michalis Genitsaris, Greek singer-songwriter (d. 2005)
• 1917  - Lash LaRue, American actor and producer (d. 1996)^[24]
• 1918  - François Tombalbaye, Chadian politician, 1st President of Chad (d. 1975)^[25]
• 1920  - Keith Andrews, American race car driver (d. 1957)
• 1920  - Alla Kazanskaya, Russian actress (d. 2008)
• 1920  - Sam Sniderman, Canadian businessman, founded Sam the Record Man (d. 2012)
• 1920  - Alberto Sordi, Italian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2003)
• 1921  - Erroll Garner, American pianist and composer (d. 1977)
• 1922  - Jaki Byard, American pianist and composer (d. 1999)^[26]
• 1923  - Erland Josephson, Swedish actor and director (d. 2012)
• 1923  - Ninian Stephen, English-Australian lieutenant, judge, and politician, 20th Governor-General of Australia (d. 2017)
• 1924  - Hédi Fried, Swedish author and psychologist (d. 2022)
• 1924  - Ezer Weizman, Israeli general and politician, 7th President of Israel (d. 2005)
• 1925  - Richard Baker, English journalist and author (d. 2018)
• 1925  - Attilâ İlhan, Turkish poet, author, and critic (d. 2005)
• 1926  - Alfred Duraiappah, Sri Lankan Tamil lawyer and politician (d. 1975)
• 1927  - Ross Andru, American illustrator (d. 1993)
• 1927  - Ibn-e-Insha, Indian-Pakistani poet and author (d. 1978)
• 1927  - Hugo Pratt, Italian author and illustrator (d. 1995)
• 1930  - Miguel Méndez, American author and academic (d. 2013)
• 1930  - Marcel Pronovost, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2015)
• 1931  - Joseph Gilbert, English air marshal
• 1932  - David Alliance, Baron Alliance, Iranian-English businessman and politician
• 1932  - Mario Cuomo, American lawyer and politician, 52nd Governor of New York (d. 2015)
• 1932  - Zia Fariduddin Dagar, Indian singer (d. 2013)
• 1932  - Bernie Faloney, American-Canadian football player and sportscaster (d. 1999)
• 1933  - Mohammad-Ali Rajai, Iranian politician, 2nd President of Iran (d. 1981)
• 1933  - Predrag Koraksić Corax, Serbian political caricaturist
• 1934  - Ruby Nash Garnett, American R&B singer
• 1936  - William Levada, American cardinal (d. 2019)
• 1937  - Pierre Billon, Swiss-Canadian author and screenwriter
• 1937  - Waylon Jennings, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2002)
• 1938  - Billy Williams, American baseball player and coach
• 1939  - Ward Connerly, American activist and businessman, founded the American Civil Rights Institute
• 1941  - Neal Adams, American illustrator (d. 2022)
• 1941  - Harry Nilsson, American singer-songwriter (d. 1994)
• 1942  - Ian Greenberg, Canadian broadcaster, founded Astral Media (d. 2022)
• 1942  - John E. McLaughlin, American diplomat
• 1942  - Peter Norman, Australian sprinter (d. 2006)
• 1943  - Johnny Hallyday, French singer and actor (d. 2017)
• 1943  - Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Danish politician, 38th Prime Minister of Denmark^[27]
• 1944  - Robert D. Keppel, American police officer and academic (d. 2021)
• 1945  - Miriam Defensor Santiago, Filipino judge and politician (d. 2016)
• 1945  - Robert Sarah, Guinean cardinal
• 1945  - Lawrence Wilkerson, American colonel
• 1946  - Noddy Holder, English rock singer-songwriter, musician, and actor
• 1946  - John Horner, American paleontologist and academic
• 1946  - Demis Roussos, Egyptian-Greek singer-songwriter and bass player (d. 2015)
• 1947  - John Hoagland, American photographer and journalist (d. 1984)
• 1948  - Mike Holmgren, American football player and coach
• 1948  - Alan Huckle, English politician and diplomat, Governor of Anguilla
• 1948  - Henry McLeish, Scottish footballer, academic, and politician, 2nd First Minister of Scotland
• 1949  - Dusty Baker, American baseball player and manager
• 1949  - Simon Callow, English actor and director
• 1949  - Russell Hitchcock, Australian singer-songwriter
• 1949  - Jim Varney, American actor, comedian, and screenwriter (d. 2000)
• 1950  - Uğur Erdener, Turkish ophthalmologist and professor
• 1950  - Juliana Azumah-Mensah, Ghanaian nurse and politician
• 1950  - Deney Terrio, American choreographer and television host
• 1950  - Lakshmi Mittal, Indian-English businessman
• 1951  - Jane Amsterdam, American magazine and newspaper editor (Manhattan, inc., New York Post)
• 1951  - Vance A. Larson, American painter (d. 2000)
• 1951  - John Redwood, English politician, Secretary of State for Wales
• 1951  - Steve Walsh, American rock singer-songwriter and musician
• 1952  - Satya Pal Jain, Indian lawyer and politician, Additional Solicitor General of India
• 1953  - Vilma Bardauskienė, Lithuanian long jumper
• 1953  - Marc Brickman, American lighting and production designer
• 1953  - Eje Elgh, Swedish racing driver and sportscaster
• 1953  - Xi Jinping, Chinese engineer and politician, General Secretary of the Communist Party and President of China
• 1953  - Raphael Wallfisch, English cellist and educator
• 1954  - Jim Belushi, American actor
• 1954  - Terri Gibbs, American country music singer and keyboard player
• 1954  - Paul Rusesabagina, Rwandan humanitarian
• 1954  - Zdeňka Šilhavá, Czech discus thrower and shot putter
• 1954  - Beverley Whitfield, Australian swimmer (d. 1996)
• 1955  - Polly Draper, American actress, producer, and screenwriter
• 1955  - Julie Hagerty, American model and actress
• 1956  - Yevgeny Kiselyov, Russian-Ukrainian journalist
• 1956  - Lance Parrish, American baseball player, coach, and manager
• 1957  - Brett Butler, American baseball player and coach
• 1958  - Wade Boggs, American baseball player
• 1958  - Riccardo Paletti, Italian racing driver (d. 1982)
• 1959  - Alan Brazil, Scottish footballer and sportscaster
• 1959  - Eileen Davidson, American model and actress
• 1960  - Michèle Laroque, French actress, producer, and screenwriter
• 1960  - Marieke van Doorn, Dutch field hockey player and coach
• 1961  - Dave McAuley, Northern Irish boxer and sportscaster
• 1961  - Scott Norton, American wrestler
• 1962  - Brad Armstrong, American wrestler (d. 2012)
• 1962  - Chris Morris, English actor, satirist, director, and producer
• 1962  - Andrea Rost, Hungarian soprano
• 1963  - Mario Gosselin, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
• 1963  - Helen Hunt, American actress, director, and producer
• 1963  - Lourdes Valera, Venezuelan actress (d. 2012)^[28]
• 1964  - Courteney Cox, American actress and producer
• 1964  - Michael Laudrup, Danish footballer and manager^[29]
• 1965  - Annelies Bredael, Belgian rower
• 1965  - Karim Massimov, Kazakhstani politician, 7th Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
• 1965  - Adam Smith, American lawyer and politician
  • 1966  - Raimonds Vējonis, Latvian politician, 9th President of Latvia 1968  - Károly Güttler, Hungarian swimmer
• 1969  - Jesse Bélanger, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1969  - Ice Cube, American rapper, producer, and actor
• 1969  - Idalis DeLeón, American singer and actress
• 1969  - Nasos Galakteros, Greek basketball player
• 1969  - Oliver Kahn, German footballer and sportscaster
• 1969  - Maurice Odumbe, Kenyan cricketer
• 1969  - Cédric Pioline, French tennis player
• 1970  - Christian Bauman, American soldier and author
• 1970  - David Bayssari, Australian rugby league player
• 1970  - Gaëlle Méchaly, French soprano
• 1970  - Leah Remini, American actress and producer
• 1970  - Žan Tabak, Croatian basketball player and coach
• 1971  - Christos Myriounis, Greek basketball player
• 1971  - Jake Busey, American actor, musician, and film producer
• 1972  - Justin Leonard, American golfer
• 1972  - Andy Pettitte, American baseball player
• 1973  - Tore Andre Flo, Norwegian footballer and coach
• 1973  - Neil Patrick Harris, American actor and singer
• 1973  - Pia Miranda, Australian actress
• 1973  - Greg Vaughan, American actor and model^[30]
• 1976  - Jiří Ryba, Czech decathlete
• 1977  - Michael Doleac, American basketball player and manager
• 1978  - Wilfred Bouma, Dutch footballer
• 1978  - Zach Day, American baseball player
• 1979  - Yulia Nestsiarenka, Belarusian sprinter
• 1979  - Christian Rahn, German footballer
• 1979  - Charles Zwolsman Jr., Dutch racing driver
• 1980  - David Lyons, Australian rugby player
• 1981  - John Paintsil, Ghanaian footballer
• 1982  - Mike Delany, New Zealand rugby player^[31]
• 1982  - Abdur Razzak, Bangladeshi cricketer
• 1983  - Laura Imbruglia, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1983  - Josh McGuire, Canadian fencer^[32]
• 1984  - Luke Hodge, Australian footballer^[33]
• 1984  - Eva Hrdinová, Czech tennis player^[34]
• 1984  - Tim Lincecum, American baseball player^[35]
• 1984  - Edison Toloza, Colombian footballer^[36]
• 1985  - Ashley Nicole Black, American comedian, actress, and writer^[37]
• 1986  - James Maloney, Australian rugby league player^[38]
• 1986  - Trevor Plouffe, American baseball player^[39]
• 1989  - Bayley, American wrestler^[40]
• 1989  - Víctor Cabedo, Spanish cyclist (d. 2012)^[41]
• 1989  - Bryan Clauson, American race car driver (d. 2016)^[42]
• 1992  - Michał Kopczyński, Polish footballer^[43]
• 1992  - Mohamed Salah, Egyptian footballer^[44]
• 1992  - Dafne Schippers, Dutch heptathlete and sprinter^[45]
• 1993  - Cooper Kupp, American football player^[46]
• 1993  - Irfan Hadžić, Bosnian footballer^[47]
• 1994  - Inaki Williams, Basque footballer^[48]
• 1996  - Tia-Adana Belle, Barbadian athlete^[49]
• 1996  - Aurora, Norwegian singer-songwriter^[50]
• 1997  - Madison Kocian, American gymnast^[51]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 923  - Robert I of France (b. 866)
• 948  - Romanos I Lekapenos, Byzantine Emperor (b. c. 870)
• 952  - Murong Yanchao, Chinese general
• 960  - Eadburh of Winchester, English princess and saint
• 970  - Adalbert, bishop of Passau
• 991  - Theophanu, Byzantine wife of Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 960)
• 1073  - Emperor Go-Sanjō of Japan (b. 1034)
• 1184  - Magnus Erlingsson, King of Norway (b. 1156)
• 1189  - Minamoto no Yoshitsune, Japanese general (b. 1159)
• 1246  - Frederick II, Duke of Austria (b. 1219)
• 1337  - Angelo da Clareno, Italian Franciscan and leader of a group of Fraticelli (b. 1247)
• 1341  - Andronikos III Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1297)
• 1381  - John Cavendish, English lawyer and judge (b. 1346)
• 1381  - Wat Tyler, English rebel leader (b. 1341)
• 1383  - John VI Kantakouzenos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1292)
• 1383  - Matthew Kantakouzenos, Byzantine emperor
• 1389  - Lazar of Serbia (b. 1329)
• 1389  - Murad I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1319)^[52]
• 1389  - Miloš Obilić, Serbian knight.^[53]
• 1416  - John, Duke of Berry (b. 1340)
• 1467  - Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1396)
• 1521  - Tamás Bakócz, Hungarian cardinal (b. 1442)

1601–1900

• 1614  - Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton, English courtier and politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (b. 1540)
• 1724  - Henry Sacheverell, English minister and politician (b. 1674)
• 1768  - James Short, Scottish mathematician and optician (b. 1710)
• 1772  - Louis-Claude Daquin, French organist and composer (b. 1694)
• 1844  - Thomas Campbell, Scottish poet and academic (b. 1777)
• 1849  - James K. Polk, American lawyer and politician, 11th President of the United States (b. 1795)
• 1858  - Ary Scheffer, Dutch-French painter and academic (b. 1795)
• 1881  - Franjo Krežma, Croatian violinist and composer (b. 1862)^[54]
• 1888  - Frederick III, German Emperor (b. 1831)^[55]
• 1889  - Mihai Eminescu, Romanian journalist, author, and poet (b. 1850)^[56]
• 1890  - Unryū Kyūkichi, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 10th Yokozuna (b. 1822)

1901–present

• 1917  - Kristian Birkeland, Norwegian physicist and academic (b. 1867)
• 1934  - Alfred Bruneau, French cellist and composer (b. 1857)
• 1938  - Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, German painter and illustrator (b. 1880)
• 1941  - Otfrid Foerster, German neurologist and physician (b. 1873)
• 1941  - Evelyn Underhill, English mystic and author (b. 1875)
• 1945  - Count Albert von Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein, Austrian diplomat
• 1961  - Giulio Cabianca, Italian racing driver (b. 1923)
• 1961  - Peyami Safa, Turkish journalist and author (b. 1899)
• 1962  - Alfred Cortot, Swiss pianist and conductor (b. 1877)
• 1967  - Tatu Kolehmainen, Finnish runner (b. 1885)
• 1968  - Sam Crawford, American baseball player, coach, and umpire (b. 1880)
• 1968  - Wes Montgomery, American guitarist and songwriter (b. 1925)
• 1971  - Wendell Meredith Stanley, American biochemist and virologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1904)
• 1976  - Jimmy Dykes, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1896)
• 1984  - Meredith Willson, American playwright, composer, and conductor (b. 1902)
• 1985  - Andy Stanfield, American sprinter (b. 1927)
• 1989  - Maurice Bellemare, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1912)
• 1989  - Ray McAnally, Irish actor (b. 1926)
• 1991  - Happy Chandler, American businessman and politician, 49th Governor of Kentucky (b. 1898)
• 1991  - Arthur Lewis, Saint Lucian economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1915)
• 1992  - Chuck Menville, American animator, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1940)
• 1992  - Brett Whiteley, Australian painter (b. 1939)
• 1993  - John Connally, American commander, lawyer, and politician, 61st United States Secretary of the Treasury (b. 1917)
• 1993  - James Hunt, English racing driver and sportscaster (b. 1947)
• 1994  - Manos Hatzidakis, Greek composer and theorist (b. 1925)
• 1995  - John Vincent Atanasoff, American physicist and inventor, invented the Atanasoff–Berry computer (b. 1903)
• 1996  - Ella Fitzgerald, American singer and actress (b. 1917)^[57]
• 1996  - Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1st Baronet, Scottish general and politician (b. 1911)
• 1996  - Dick Murdoch, American wrestler (b. 1946)
• 1999  - Omer Côté, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1906)
• 2000  - Jules Roy, French author, poet, and playwright (b. 1907)
• 2001  - Henri Alekan, French cinematographer (b. 1909)
• 2002  - Choi Hong Hi, South Korean general and martial artist, founded Taekwondo (b. 1918)
• 2003  - Hume Cronyn, Canadian-American actor (b. 1911)
• 2004  - Ahmet Piriştina, Turkish politician and mayor of İzmir (b. 1952)
• 2005  - Suzanne Flon, French actress (b. 1918)
• 2006  - Raymond Devos, Belgian-French comedian and clown (b. 1922)
• 2006  - Herb Pearson, New Zealand cricketer (b. 1910)
• 2008  - Ray Getliffe, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1914)
• 2011  - Bill Haast, American herpetologist and academic (b. 1910)
• 2012  - Phillip D. Cagan, American economist and author (b. 1927)
• 2012  - Barry MacKay, American tennis player and sportscaster (b. 1935)
• 2012  - Israel Nogueda Otero, Mexican economist and politician, 10th Governor of Guerrero (b. 1935)
• 2012  - Jerry Tubbs, American football player and coach (b. 1935)
• 2013  - Heinz Flohe, German footballer and manager (b. 1948)
• 2013  - José Froilán González, Argentinian racing driver (b. 1922)
• 2013  - Dennis O'Rourke, Australian director and producer (b. 1945)
• 2013  - Kenneth G. Wilson, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1936)
• 2014  - Jacques Bergerac, French actor and businessman (b. 1927)
• 2014  - Casey Kasem, American radio host, producer, and voice actor, co-created American Top 40 (b. 1932)
• 2014  - Daniel Keyes, American short story writer and novelist (b. 1927)
• 2014  - Moise Safra, Brazilian businessman and philanthropist, co-founded Banco Safra (b. 1934)
• 2015  - Kirk Kerkorian, American businessman, founded the Tracinda Corporation (b. 1917)
• 2016  - Lois Duncan, American author (b. 1934)
• 2018  - Matt "Guitar" Murphy, American Blues guitarist (b. 1929)
• 2019  - Franco Zeffirelli, Italian film director (b. 1923)^[58]
• 2023  - Glenda Jackson, English actress and politician (b. 1936)^[59]
• 2024  - James Kent, American chef (b. 1979)^[60]
• 2024  - Matija Sarkic, English-born Montenegrin footballer (b. 1997)^[61]

Holidays and observances

• Arbor Day (Costa Rica)
• Christian feast day:
  • Abraham of Clermont (or of St Cyriacus)
  • Alice (or Adelaide) of Schaerbeek
  • Augustine of Hippo (Eastern Orthodox Church)
  • Blessed Albertina Berkenbrock
  • Blessed Clement Vismara
  • Edburga of Winchester
  • Evelyn Underhill (Church of England and The Episcopal Church)
  • Germaine Cousin
  • Landelin (of Crespin or of Lobbes)
  • Trillo
  • Vitus (Guy), Modestus and Crescentia
  • June 15 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Day of Valdemar and Reunion Day (Flag Day) (Denmark)
• Engineer's Day (Italy)
• Global Wind Day (international)
• National Beer Day (United Kingdom)
• National Salvation Day (Azerbaijan)

External links

• Web site: On This Day . BBC.
  • Web site: Historical Events on June 15 . OnThisDay.com.

Notes and References

1. Book: Peter O. Taylor. Observing the Sun. 21 November 1991. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-40110-4. 140.
2. Book: Walter Ullmann. The Carolingian Renaissance and the Idea of Kingship (Routledge Revivals). 29 January 2010. Routledge. 978-1-136-99915-4. 58.
3. Book: Gerald Irving Anthony Dare Draper. Reflections on Law and Armed Conflicts: The Selected Works on the Laws of War by the Late Professor Colonel G.I.A.D. Draper, Obe. 7 May 1998. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 90-411-0557-3. 26.
4. Book: Kastritsis, Dimitris . The Sons of Bayezid: Empire Building and Representation in the Ottoman Civil War of 1402-13 . BRILL . 2007 . 978-90-04-15836-8 . 149–150.
5. Book: Daniel, Clifton. Chronicle of America. Chronicle publication. 1989. 46. 0-13-133745-9.
6. Book: Bloch, Abraham P. . One a Day: An Anthology of Jewish Historical Anniversaries for Every Day of the Year . 1987 . KTAV Publishing House, Inc. . 978-0-88125-108-1 . 168 . en.
7. Book: O'Harrow, Robert Jr.. The Quartermaster: Montgomery C. Meigs, Lincoln's General, Master Builder of the Union Army. New York. Simon & Schuster. 2016. 9781451671926. 206–207, 282. none.

   Book: Poole, Robert M.. On Hallowed Ground: The Story of Arlington National Cemetery. New York. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. 2010. 9780802715494. 281.

8. Book: El Campanario. 1997. Texas Old Missions and Forts Restoration Association. 17.
9. Book: Walker . Brett L. . A Concise History of Japan . 26 February 2015 . Cambridge University Press . 978-1-107-00418-4 . 292 . en.
10. Book: The Contemporary Review. 1920. A. Strahan. 284.
11. Web site: Ranter. Harro. ASN Aircraft accident Convair CV-880-22M-21 VR-HFZ Pleiku. 2021-06-15. aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network.
12. Book: Herbert David Croly. The New Republic. 1985. Republic Publishing Company. 17.
13. http://www.mtv3.fi/uutiset/arkisto.shtml/arkistot/kotimaa/2007/06/536104 MTV3: Suomen kuudes huvipuisto avautui
14. News: Novet. Jordan. Microsoft retires Internet Explorer browser after 26 years. CNN. June 15, 2022. June 15, 2022.
15. Web site: BBC - History - Edward, the Black Prince . www.bbc.co.uk . 15 June 2020.
16. Book: Manuel D. Duldulao. The Lives and Loves of Artists and Models. 2006. Art Association of the Philippines. 11.
17. Book: The Assurance Magazine and Journal of the Institute of Actuaries. 1860. Charles & Edwin Layton. 209.
18. Book: Bernardo J. Caycedo. The Life and Times of Juan José D'Elhuyar: Discoverer of Tungsten in 18th-century New Granada. 1981. Coronado Press. 978-0-87291-149-9. 28.
19. Web site: Chips from a German Workshop Volume 4. 1881. New York, C. Scribner's sons.
20. Encyclopedia: Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. 10 April 2021. Kohler, Charles-Amédée. Polla, Louis. fr.
21. Betlejewski. Stanisław. 2008. Science and life—the history of Marquis Alfonso Corti. Otolaryngologia Polska. The Polish Otolaryngology. 62. 3. 344–7. Poland. 18652163. 10.1016/S0030-6657(08)70268-3 .
22. News: Fox . Margalit . Margaret Abbott, an Unwitting Olympic Trailblazer . March 8, 2018 . The New York Times . 24 March 2020.
23. Book: Sire . Henry . Henry Sire . Father Martin D'Arcy: Philosopher of Christian Love . 1997 . Gracewing . 978-0-85244-439-9 . 3 .
24. Book: Arthur F. McClure. Ken D. Jones. Western Films: Heroes, Heavies and Sagebrush of the "B" Genre. 1972. A.S. Barnes & Company.
25. Book: Africa: a handbook. 1973.
26. Book: Randel Don. The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. 1996. Harvard University Press. 978-0-674-37299-3. 124–.
27. Book: John Clements. Clements' Encyclopedia of World Governments. 1998. Political Research, Incorporated. 120.
28. Web site: Lourdes Valera. https://web.archive.org/web/20160319001755/http://www.venevision.com/estrella/lourdes-valera. 19 March 2016. 3 September 2015. Venevision.
29. Book: Keir Radnedge. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Soccer. 2001. Universe Pub.. 978-0-7893-0670-8. 216.
30. Web site: Thomas. Michael. Days of Our Lives' Greg Vaughan Celebrates His Birthday - See The Amazing Photos With His Co-Stars!. 2021-05-10. Soap Opera News.
31. Web site: Player Profiles . Chiefs.co.nz . 15 June 1982 . 17 August 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110726221139/http://www.chiefs.co.nz/The-Team/Player-Profiles-/Mike-Delany/ . 26 July 2011 . dmy-all .
32. News: Joshua McGuire . Team Canada - Official Olympic Team Website . 15 June 2020 . 19 September 2011.
33. Web site: Luke Hodge . AFLPA . 15 June 2020 . 13 August 2013.
34. Web site: Tennis Eva Hrdinova - ESPN . m.espn.com . 15 June 2020 . EN.
35. Web site: Tim Lincecum Facts . Encyclopedia Britannica . 15 June 2020 . en.
36. Web site: Edison Toloza Estadísticas, Noticias, Biografía . ESPNDeportes . 15 June 2020 . en.
37. News: Meet Samantha Bee's Army of Trumpster-Confronting Comics. Fallon. Kevin. 2017-06-20. 2019-02-19. en.
38. Web site: James Maloney . National Rugby League . 15 June 2020 . en.
39. Web site: Trevor Plouffe Stats, Fantasy & News . MLB.com . 15 June 2020 . en.
40. Web site: Bayley . . 13 June 2023 . 11 August 2020.
41. Web site: Víctor Cabedo - Player Profile - Cycling . Eurosport . 15 June 2020.
42. Web site: Slotnik . Daniel E. . Bryan Clauson, Champion Sprint Car Racer, Dies at 27 After Crash . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220103/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/10/sports/autoracing/bryan-clauson-dead-at-27.html . 2022-01-03 . subscription . live . The New York Times . 15 June 2020 . 8 August 2016.
43. Web site: Michal Kopczynski - Player Profile - Football . Eurosport . 15 June 2020.
44. Web site: On this day: Born June 15, 1992: Mohamed Salah, Egyptian footballer . Eurosport UK . 15 June 2020 . 14 June 2020.
45. Web site: Dafne Schippers Profile . worldathletics.org . 15 June 2020.
46. Web site: Cooper Kupp Stats . Pro-Football-Reference.com . 28 March 2022 . en.
47. Web site: Irfan Hadzic - Player Profile - Football . Eurosport . 15 June 2020.
48. Web site: Iñaki Williams Stats, News, Bio . ESPN . 15 June 2020 . en.
49. Web site: Tia-Adana Belle Profile . worldathletics.org . 18 October 2020.
50. Web site: Aurora Aksnes Profile . aurora-music.com . 2023 . Decca.
51. Web site: Madison Kocian . https://web.archive.org/web/20151031125325/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-gymnastics/athletes/Madison-Kocian . dead . October 31, 2015 . . 15 June 2019.
52. https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/397836/Murad-I "Murad I"
53. Book: Judah. The Serbs. 2009. Yale University Press. 978-0-300-15826-7. 32.
54. http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=33937 Krežma, Franjo
55. Book: Elkind . Louis . The German Emperor's Speeches . 1904 . Longmans, Green, & Co. . London . 1–4.
56. Book: Mihai Eminescu. Mihai Beniuc. Eugen Simion. Mihail Eminescu, 1850-1889. 1964. R.P.R. Academy. 19.
57. Web site: Ella Fitzgerald Biography, Music, & Facts . Encyclopedia Britannica . 14 February 2020 . en.
58. Web site: Franco Zeffirelli, revered Italian director, dies aged 96. Chris Weigand. The Guardian. 15 June 2019.
59. News: 2023-06-15 . Glenda Jackson: Oscar-winning actress and former MP dies aged 87 . en-GB . BBC News . 2023-09-26.
60. News: Traub . Alex . 2024-06-16 . James Kent, Chef Who Was Building a Restaurant Empire, Dies at 45 . 2024-06-17 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
61. Web site: 2024-06-15 . Matija Sarkic: Millwall announce death of goalkeeper aged 26 . 2024-06-17 . BBC Sport . en-GB.