| Unit Name: | 156th Infantry Division "Vicenza" |
| Dates: | 10 March 1942 - 15 May 1943 |
| Type: | Infantry |
| Size: | Division |
| Notable Commanders: | Etelvoldo Pascolini |
| Identification Symbol: | Vicenza Division gorget patches |
| Battles: | World War II |
The 156th Infantry Division "Vicenza" (Italian: 156ª Divisione di fanteria "Vicenza") was an infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. The Vicenza was formed on 10 March 1942 and named for the city of Vicenza. The Vicenza was classified as an occupation infantry division, which meant that the division's artillery regiment consisted of two artillery groups instead of the three artillery groups of line infantry divisions and that the divisional mortar battalion was replaced by a divisional machine gun battalion. The division was sent to the Eastern front, as part of the Italian Army in Russia. The division guarded the army's line of communications and rear area against Soviet partisans.[1] [2]
The Vicenza was overrun and destroyed by Soviet forces during Operation Little Saturn. Of the division's 10,466 men 7,760 were killed or missing during the battle in January 1943.[3]
The division's lineage begins with the Brigade "Vicenza" raised in July 1917 with the 277th, 278th, and 279th infantry regiments. The brigade fought on the Italian front in World War I and together with its regiments was disbanded after the war in February 1919.[1]
The 156th Infantry Division Vicenza was activated in Brescia on 10 March 1942 and consisted of the 277th and 278th infantry regiments, and the 156th Artillery Regiment. As a division raised during the war the Vicenza did not have its own regimental depots and therefore its regiments were raised in February 1942 by the depots of the 15th Infantry Division "Bergamo": the 277th Infantry Regiment "Vicenza" in Rijeka by the 25th Infantry Regiment "Bergamo", the 278th Infantry Regiment "Vicenza" in Rijeka by the 26th Infantry Regiment "Bergamo", and the 156th Artillery Regiment "Vicenza" by the 30th Artillery Regiment "Lupi di Toscana" in Brescia.[1] [4] [5]
The division arrived in Eastern Ukraine in July 1942. It assembled its units in Yenakiieve and Horlivka. It followed the Italian Army in Russia's advance to the Don river, operating in the army's rear area and securing the lines of communication. On 16 December 1942 the Vicenza entered the front between the 2nd Alpine Division "Tridentina" and 4th Alpine Division "Cuneense". On 18 January the Italian division's were in full retreat, walking through the icy Russian steppe towards the new Axis lines. On 25 January the Italians fought a battle at Nikitovka, and the next day the Battle of Nikolayevka. On the same day the main column of the Vicenza was surrounded and annihilated by Soviet Forces near Valuyki.[1] [2]
The few survivors were repatriated to Brescia, where the division was officially dissolved on 15 May 1943.[1] [2]
When the division deployed to the Soviet Union it consisted of the following units:[6]
In the Soviet Union the XXVI Carabinieri Battalion and the I Armored Car Platoon of the Regiment "Nizza Cavalleria" (1st) were attached to the division.[6]
The division's commanding officers were:[1] [2]