| Minorplanet: | yes |
| 1509 Esclangona | |
| Background: |
|
| Discovered: | 21 December 1938 |
| Mpc Name: | (1509) Esclangona |
| Alt Names: | 1938 YG |
| Named After: | Ernest Esclangon |
| Epoch: | 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) |
| Uncertainty: | 0 |
| Observation Arc: | 77.68 yr (28,374 days) |
| Perihelion: | 1.8064 AU |
| Semimajor: | 1.8663 AU |
| Eccentricity: | 0.0321 |
| Period: | 2.55 yr (931 days) |
| Mean Motion: | / day |
| Inclination: | 22.320° |
| Asc Node: | 283.52° |
| Arg Peri: | 267.82° |
| Satellites: | 1 |
| Dimensions: | km km km 8.18 km km km |
| Albedo: | 0.2041 |
| Spectral Type: | Tholen = SKS B–V = 0.894 U–B = 0.472 |
| Abs Magnitude: | 12.6412.79 |
1509 Esclangona, provisional designation, is a rare-type Hungaria asteroid and binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It is named after French astronomer Ernest Esclangon.
Esclangona was discovered on 21 December 1938, by French astronomer André Patry at Nice Observatory. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation as no precoveries were taken, and no prior identifications were made. On 13 February 2003, a minor-planet moon in orbit of Esclangona was discovered by astronomers at ESO's Very Large Telescope (UT4) on Cerro Paranal in Chile.
Esclangona is a member of the Hungaria family, which form the innermost concentration of asteroids in the Solar System. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–1.9 AU once every 2 years and 7 months (931 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.03 and an inclination of 22° with respect to the ecliptic.
Esclangona has a small moon, provisionally named, which measures 4 kilometers in diameter, and orbits 140 kilometers from its parent. This wide separation relative to the pair's size is rather unusual and it is believed that both Esclangona and its moon are ejecta from an asteroidal collision in the past that left the scene as a co-orbiting pair; a similar pairing is 3749 Balam and its moon.
In the Tholen taxonomy, Esclangona is a common stony S-type asteroid. It has since been characterized as a rare K-type asteroid by polarimetric observations.
In December 2004, photometric measurements of Esclangona made by American astronomer Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory, California, showed a lightcurve with a rotation period of hours and a brightness variation of in magnitude.
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Esclangona measures between 6.83 and 9.87 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.107 and 0.41. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.2041 and a diameter of 8.18 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.858.
This minor planet was named after French astronomer Ernest Esclangon (1876–1954), was a director of the Paris Observatory and president of the International Astronomical Union. Naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 .