1443 Explained

Year 1443 (MCDXLIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

January - December

• July 22  - Battle of St. Jakob an der Sihl (Old Zürich War): The forces of the city of Zürich are defeated, but the Swiss Confederacy have insufficient strength to besiege and take the city.
• November 8  - Battle of Niš: John Hunyadi and the army of the Crusade of Varna defeat three armies of the Ottoman Empire, and capture the city of Niš in modern-day Serbia; Skanderbeg deserts the Ottoman camp and goes to Albania.
• November 28  - Skanderbeg and his forces, rebelling against the Ottoman Empire, liberate Krujë, in Middle Albania, and raise the Albanian flag.

Date unknown

• In Moldavia, the conflict between brothers and co-rulers Iliaș and Stephen II reignites, and Stephen captures Iliaș and blinds him, thus remaining sole ruler of the country.
• Portuguese explorer Nuno Tristão penetrates the Arguin Gulf, off the west coast of Africa.
• King Sejong the Great starts to crate Hangul, the native alphabet of the Korean language, with his scholars.
• Vlad II Dracul begins his second term as ruler of Wallachia, succeeding Basarab II.
• The Buddhist Zhihua Temple (智化寺) is built in Beijing, at the order of Wang Zhen, chief eunuch at the court of the Zhengtong Emperor of Ming Dynasty China.
• A powerful earthquake destroys the Timișoara Fortress in the Kingdom of Hungary

Births

• January 27  - Albert III, Duke of Saxony (d. 1500)
• February 2  - Elisabeth of Bavaria, Electress of Saxony (d. 1484)
• February 12  - Giovanni II Bentivoglio, Italian noble (d. 1508)
• February 23  - Matthias Corvinus, of Hungary (d. 1490)
• May 17  - Edmund, Earl of Rutland, brother of Kings Edward IV of England and Richard III of England (d. 1460)
• May 29  - Victor, Duke of Münsterberg, Reichsgraf, Duke of Münsterberg and Opava, Count of Glatz (d. 1500)
• May 31 or 1441  - Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, English noble, mother of King Henry VII, grandmother of King Henry VIII of England (d. 1509)^[1]
• June 29  - Anthony Browne, English knight (d. 1506)
• September 9  - Muhammad Jaunpuri (d. 1505)
• November 10  - Adolf III of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein, Germany noble (d. 1511)
• December 1  - Magdalena of France, French princess and regent of Navarre (d. 1495)
• December 5  - Pope Julius II (d. 1513)^[2]
• probable
  • Piero del Pollaiuolo, Italian painter (d. 1496)
  • Ygo Gales Galama, Frisian warlord and freedom fighting rebel (d. 1492)

Deaths

• January 16  - Erasmo of Narni, Italian mercenary (b. 1370)
• January 28  - Robert le Maçon, Chancellor of France
• February  - Guidantonio da Montefeltro, count of Urbino (b. 1377)
• March 24  - James Douglas, 7th Earl of Douglas (b. 1371)
• April 12  - Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury^[3]
• May  - John II, Count of Nassau-Siegen^[4]
• May 9  - Niccolò Albergati, Italian cardinal and diplomat (b. 1373)
• June 5  - Ferdinand the Holy Prince of Portugal (b. 1402)
• August 16  - Ashikaga Yoshikatsu, Japanese shōgun (b. 1434)
• September 18  - Lewis of Luxembourg, Archbishop of Rouen
• date unknown  - Infante Diogo, Constable of Portugal
  • Jelena Balšić, Serbian duchess (b. 1366)
• probable  - Zeami Motokiyo, Japanese actor and playwright (b. 1363)

Notes and References

1. Book: Elizabeth Norton. Margaret Beaufort: Mother of the Tudor Dynasty. 15 September 2010. Amberley Publishing Limited. 978-1-4456-0734-4. 17.
2. Book: Lives of the Popes: Illustrated Biographies of Every Pope from St Peter to the Present. 1998. Barnes & Noble Books. 978-0-7607-0802-6. 197.
3. Book: Clayton J. Drees. The Late Medieval Age of Crisis and Renewal, 1300-1500: A Biographical Dictionary. 2001. Greenwood Publishing Group. 978-0-313-30588-7. 103.
4. Book: Becker, E. . 1983 . 1950 . Schloss und Stadt Dillenburg. Ein Gang durch ihre Geschichte in Mittelalter und Neuzeit. Zur Gedenkfeier aus Anlaß der Verleihung der Stadtrechte am 20. September 1344 herausgegeben . de . Neuauflage . Dillenburg . Der Magistrat der Stadt Dillenburg . 12 .