1431 Explained

Year 1431 (MCDXXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

January - December

• January 9  - Pretrial investigations for Joan of Arc begin at Rouen in France, which is under English occupation.
• February 21  - The trial of Joan of Arc for heresy begins.
• March  - Alexander I Aldea takes the throne of Wallachia with support from Alexander I of Moldavia.
• March 3  - Pope Eugene IV succeeds Pope Martin V, to become the 207th pope.
• May 30  - 19-year-old Joan of Arc is burned at the stake in Rouen.
• June 16  - The Teutonic Knights and Švitrigaila sign the Treaty of Christmemel, creating an anti-Polish alliance.
• September  - Battle of Inverlochy: Donald Balloch defeats the Royalists.
• October 30  - The Treaty of Medina del Campo is signed, consolidating peace between Portugal and Castille.
• November 9  - The Battle of Ilava: The Hungarians defeat the Hussite army.
• November 18  - A treaty in Suceava concludes an attack on Poland, launched this year by Alexander I of Moldavia during the Lithuanian Civil War.
• December 13  - Vlad, future Prince of Wallachia as Vlad II Dracul, is made a member of the Order of the Dragon. Because of this, his son Vlad III the Impaler will inspire the literary figure named Dracula.
• December 16  - Henry VI of England is crowned King of France at Notre-Dame de Paris.

Date unknown

• The University of Poitiers is founded.
• The Ayutthaya Kingdom besieges Angkor and sacks the Khmer capital, ending the Khmer Empire.
• Nezahualcoyotl is crowned Tlatoani of the Kingdom of Texcoco.
• Byzantine–Ottoman Wars: The Ottoman governor of Thessaly Turahan Bey breaks through the Hexamilion wall for the second time, and ravages the Peloponnese Peninsula.^[1]

Births

• January 1  - Pope Alexander VI (d. 1503)^[2]
• October 26  - Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, Italian politician (d. 1505)
• November or December  - Vlad III the Impaler, Prince of Wallachia (d. 1476)
• date unknown
  • William Elphinstone, Scottish statesman (d. 1514)
  • Helena Palaiologina, Despotess of Serbia (d. 1473)
  • Ladislaus Hunyadi, Hungarian statesman and warrior (d. 1457)
• probable
  • William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings (d. 1483)
  • John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu, English politician (d. 1471)
  • François Villon, French poet
  • Vlad III, Prince of Wallachia, A member of the House of Drăculești, as well as the Voivode of Wallachia 1456-1462

Deaths

• January 25  - Charles II, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1364)
• February 20  - Pope Martin V (b. 1368)^[3]
• April 1  - Nuno Álvares Pereira, Portuguese general and religious figure
• April 5  - Bernard I, Margrave of Baden-Baden (b. 1364)
• April 19  - Adolph III, Count of Waldeck (b. 1362)
• May 30  - Joan of Arc, French soldier and saint (b. c. 1412)
• September 6  - Demetrios Laskaris Leontares, Byzantine soldier and statesman
• December 8  - Hedwig Jagiellon, Polish and Lithuanian princess (b. 1408)
• date unknown
  • Makhdoom Ali Mahimi, Indian Sufi mystic
  • Stanisław of Skarbimierz, Polish theologian (b. 1360)
  • Violant of Bar, queen regent of Aragon (b. 1365)^[4]

Notes and References

1. Encyclopedia: Turakhān Beg. Franz . Babinger . E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume VIII . Martijn Theodoor . Houtsma . BRILL . Leiden . 1987 . 90-04-09794-5 . https://books.google.com/books?id=ro--tXw_hxMC&pg=PA876 . 876–878.
2. Book: Hourihane . Colum . The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture . 2012 . OUP USA . 9780195395365 . 395 . en.
3. Web site: Martin V pope . Encyclopedia Britannica . 6 May 2019 . en.
4. Book: Self-Fashioning and Assumptions of Identity in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia . 2015 . BRILL . 9789004291003 . 54 . en.