| Minorplanet: | yes |
| Background: |
|
| 12 Victoria | |
| Symbol: | (historical) |
| Discoverer: | John Russell Hind |
| Discovered: | 13 September 1850 |
| Mpc Name: | (12) Victoria |
| Pronounced: | [1] |
| Adjective: | Victorian |
| Named After: | Victoria (la|Uictōria) |
| Mp Category: | Main belt |
| Orbit Ref: | [2] |
| Epoch: | 13 September 2023 (JD 2453300.5) |
| Observation Arc: | 172.65 yr |
| Uncertainty: | 0 |
| Semimajor: | 2.33AU |
| Perihelion: | 1.819AU |
| Time Periastron: | 15 February 2025 |
| Aphelion: | 2.85abbr=unitNaNabbr=unit |
| Eccentricity: | 0.22036 |
| Period: | 3.56 yr (1302.2 d) |
| Inclination: | 8.374° |
| Asc Node: | 235.36° |
| Arg Peri: | 69.60° |
| Mean Anomaly: | 215.8° |
| Avg Speed: | 19.50 km/s |
| Moid: | 0.82AU |
| Jupiter Moid: | 2.42AU |
| Tisserand: | 3.522 |
| Flattening: | 0.31 |
| Mean Diameter: | [3] 115.087 ± 1.199 km 124.09 ± 8.31 km |
| Mass: | |
| Density: | |
| Surface Grav: | 0.0315 m/s² |
| Escape Velocity: | 0.0596 km/s |
| Rotation: | 8.6599abbr=onNaNabbr=on |
| Spectral Type: | S-type asteroid |
| Magnitude: | 8.68[4] to 12.82 |
| Abs Magnitude: | 7.30 |
| Albedo: | 0.167 (calculated) 0.163 ± 0.027 |
| Angular Size: | 0.188" to 0.04" |
| Single Temperature: | ~178 K |
| Mean Motion: | / day |
12 Victoria is a large main-belt asteroid, orbiting the Sun with a period of 3.56 years and an eccentricity of 0.221. It is a stony (S-type) asteroid, about 112–124 km across with an albedo of 0.18 and a rotation period of 8.66 hours. Victoria has been observed to occult a star three times since its discovery. Radar and speckle interferometry observations show that the shape of Victoria is elongated, and it is suspected to be a binary asteroid, with a moon of irregular shape.[5]
This minor planet was discovered by English astronomer J. R. Hind on September 13, 1850. Victoria is officially named after the Roman goddess of victory, but the name also honours Queen Victoria. The goddess Victoria (Nike for the Greeks) was the daughter of Styx by the Titan Pallas. The coincidence with the name of the then-reigning queen caused quite a controversy at the time, and B. A. Gould, editor of the prestigious Astronomical Journal, adopted the alternate name Clio (now used by 84 Klio), proposed by the discoverer. However, W. C. Bond, of the Harvard College Observatory, then the highest authority on astronomy in America, held that the mythological condition was fulfilled and the name therefore acceptable, and his opinion eventually prevailed.[6]
The historical symbol for Victoria was a star with a branch of laurel. It is in the pipeline for Unicode 17.0 as U+1CEC5 .[7] [8]
| 26 June 2028 ≈01:57 | 0.877abbr=unitNaNabbr=unit | 1.88AU | 6.4 | 23.7 | ± 7 km | 166.9° |