1293 Explained

Year 1293 (MCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By area

Africa

• December  - Mamluk sultan of Egypt Khalil is assassinated by his regent Baydara, who briefly claims the sultanate, before being assassinated himself by a rival political faction.^[1]

Asia

• May 26  - An earthquake in Kamakura, Japan kills an estimated 23,000.^[2]
• May 31  - The forces of Raden Wijaya win a major victory in the Mongol invasion of Java, which is considered to be the founding date of the city of Surabaya.
• The Japanese era Shōō ends, and the Einin era begins.^[3]
• Kublai Khan sends a fleet to the islands of Southeast Asia, including Java.^[4]
• The Hindu Majapahit Empire is founded by Kertarajasa in Java. It benefits from internal conflict and Mongol intervention, to defeat the Singhasari Kingdom and establish the empire.^[5]

Europe

• Torkel Knutsson leads Sweden in beginning the Third Swedish Crusade, against unchristianized Finnish Karelia.^[6] In the same year, the construction of Vyborg Castle begins, by orders of Knutsson.^[7]
• The Ordinances of Justice are enacted, in the Commune of Florence.^[8]
• The Isle of Wight is sold to King Edward I of England by Isabella de Forz, Countess of Devon, for 6,000 marks.^[9]

By topic

Arts and culture

• Dante Alighieri completes the book of verse La Vita Nuova.^[10]

Education

• May 20  - King Sancho IV of Castile creates the Studium General, forerunner to the modern Complutense University of Madrid.^[11]

Religion

• January  - Ignatius bar Wahib becomes Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Mardin.^[12]

Births

• John of Ruysbroeck, Brabantian mystic (approximate date; d. 1381)^[13]
• Margaret de Clare, English noblewoman (d. 1342)^[14]
• Fedlim Ó Conchobair, King of Connacht (d. 1316)^[15]
• Philip V of France (d. 1322)^[16]
• Philip VI of France (d. 1350)^[17]
• Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland (d. 1326)^[18]

Deaths

• May 2  - Meir of Rothenburg, German rabbi (b. c.1215)^[19]
• June 29  - Henry of Ghent, philosopher (b. c.1217)^[20]
• November 10  - Isabella de Forz, Countess of Devon (b. 1237)^[21]
• December 14  - Al-Ashraf Khalil, Mamluk sultan of Egypt (assassinated)^[22]
• date unknown
  • David VI Narin, King of Georgia (b. 1225)^[23]
  • William of Rubruck, Flemish Franciscan missionary (approximate date; b. c.1220)^[24]

Notes and References

1. Book: Rabbat, Nasser O.. The Citadel of Cairo: A New Interpretation of Royal Mameluk Architecture. BRILL. 1995. 9789004101241. Leiden, New York, Köln. 181. en.
2. News: Destructive Earthquakes of Japan. Hattori. J.. 4 April 1878. The Japan Mail: A fortnightly summary of intelligence from Japan, for transmission to Europe and the United States, via Suez and San Francisco. 24 February 2019. 178.
3. Book: Nagayama, Kōkan. The Connoisseur's Book of Japanese Swords. Kodansha International. 1997. 9784770020710. Tokyo, New York, London. 164. en. 1995.
4. Book: Minahan, James. Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. 2012. 9781598846591. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO, Oxford. 109. en.
5. Book: Ooi, Keat Gin. Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor. ABC-CLIO. 2004. 9781576077702. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO, Oxford. 822–824. en.
6. Book: Goss, Glenda Dawn. Sibelius: A Composer's Life and the Awakening of Finland. University of Chicago Press. 2009. 9780226304793. Chicago, London. 152. en.
7. https://www.spottinghistory.com/view/1355/vyborg-castle/ Vyborg Castle, Vyborg, Russia - Spotting History
8. Book: Pugh Rupp, Teresa. https://books.google.com/books?id=lqCYBvufYj0C&dq=1293+Ordinances+of+Justice&pg=PA323. Florence and Beyond: Culture, Society and Politics in Renaissance Italy : Essays in Honour of John M. Najemy. Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies. 2008. 9780772720382. Peterson. David S.. Toronto. 323. en. "If You Want Peace, Work for Justice": Dino Compagni's Cronica and the Ordinances of Justice. Bornstein. Daniel E..
9. Book: Adams, William Henry Davenport. The History, Topography, and Antiquities of the Isle of Wight. Described and Illustrated. [With Plates and a Map.]]. Smith, Elder & Company. 1856. London. 18–19. en.
10. Book: Spinozzi, Paola. https://books.google.com/books?id=6er3ig5jGakC&dq=1293+La+Vita+Nuova&pg=PA77. Strange Sisters: Literature and Aesthetics in the Nineteenth Century. Peter Lang. 2009. 9783039118403. Orestano. Francesca. Oxford, Bern. 77. en. Journeying Through Translation: Dante among the Victorians, Dante Gabriel Rossetti in Medieval Italy. Frigerio. Francesca.
11. Book: Rashdall, Hastings. The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages: Volume 2, Part 1, Italy, Spain, France, Germany, Scotland, Etc.. Cambridge University Press. 2010. 9781108018111. 2. Cambridge, New York. 99. en. 1895.
12. Book: Barsoum. Ephrem. 2008. History of the Za'faran Monastery. Gorgias Press. Matti Moosa. Ignatius Aphrem I Barsoum. 48.
13. Book: Rogers, Eugene F. Jr.. https://books.google.com/books?id=qQoWBB6gqQQC&dq=1293+John+of+Ruusbroec&pg=PA272. The Holy Spirit: Classic and Contemporary Readings. John Wiley & Sons. 2009. 9781405136235. Chicester and Singapore. 272. en. John Ruusbroec, from The Spiritual Espousals.
14. Book: The complete peerage, or a history of the House of Lords and all its members from the earliest times by G.E.C., revised and much enlarged : addenda & corrigenda. Hammond. Peter. Cokayne. George Edward. Sutton. 1998. 9780750901543. XIV. en.
15. Book: Byrne, Vincent. The Hidden Annals: A Thousand Years of the Kingdom of Connaught 366-1385. Universal-Publishers. 2003. 9781581125689. en.
16. Book: Wood, Cindy. Studying Late Medieval History: A Thematic Approach. Routledge. 2016. 9781317211204. London and New York. 58. en.
17. Book: Nolan, Cathal J.. The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000-1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2006. 9780313337345. 2. Westport, CN and London. 893. en.
18. Book: Browning, Charles Henry. https://books.google.com/books?id=eyik0rO0HlsC&dq=1293+Walter+Stewart&pg=PA261. Americans of Royal Descent: Collection of Genealogies Showing the Lineal Descent from Kings of Some American Families. Reproduced from Recognized Authorative Genealogical Works, From Printed Family Histories, and Verified Information Supplied in Manuscript Pedigrees. Genealogical Publishing Com. 1998. 9780806300542. Seventh. Baltimore, MD. 261. en. Pedigree LX. 1883.
19. Book: Kanarfogel, Ephraim. Peering Through the Lattices: Mystical, Magical, and Pietistic Dimensions in the Tosafist Period. Wayne State University Press. 2000. 9780814325315. Detroit, MI. 221. en.
20. Book: Stone, M. W. F.. https://books.google.com/books?id=-bwuXbEFL5cC&dq=1293+Henry+of+Ghent&pg=PA201. Henry of Ghent and the Transformation of Scholastic Thought: Studies in Memory of Jos Decorte. Leuven University Press. 2003. 9789058673299. Decorte. Jos. Leuven, Belgium. 201. en. Henry of Ghent on Freedom and Human Action. Guldentops. Guy. Steel. Carlos G..
21. Book: Legg, Katrina. Bolton Priory: Its Patrons and Benefactors 1120-1293. Borthwick Publications. 2004. 9781904497134. Borthwick Papers. 106. York. 11. en.
22. Book: Haag, Michael. The Tragedy of the Templars: The Rise and Fall of the Crusader States. registration. 1293 Al-Ashraf Khalil.. Profile. 2012. 9781847658548. Suffolk. 241. en.
23. Book: Montpéreux, Frédéric Dubois de. Voyage autour du Caucase, chez les Tcherkesses et les Abkhases, en Colchide, en Géorgie, en Arménie et en Crimée. Librairie de Gide. 1839. II. Paris. 164. fr.
24. Book: The Journey of William of Rubruck to the Eastern Parts of the World, 1253-55: As Narrated by Himself with Two Accounts of the Earlier Journey of John of Pian de Carpine. Ruysbroeck. Willem van. Pian de Carpine. John of. Asian Educational Services. 1998. 9788120613386. New Delhi, Madras. en. Woodville Rockhill. William. 1900.