1252 Explained

Year 1252 (MCCLII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe

• April 6  - Saint Peter of Verona is assassinated by Carino of Balsamo.^{[1] [2]}
• May 15  - Pope Innocent IV issues the papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes the torture of heretics in the Medieval Inquisition. Torture quickly gains widespread usage across Catholic Europe.^{[3] [4]}
• June 1  - Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León.^[5]
• July  - The settlement of Stockholm in Sweden is founded, by Birger Jarl.^{[6] [7]}
• December 25  - Christopher I of Denmark is crowned King of Denmark, in the Lund Cathedral.^{[8] [9]}
• The Polish land of Lebus is incorporated into the German state of Brandenburg, marking the start of Brandenburg's expansion into previously Polish areas (Neumark).^[10]
• The Lithuanian city of Klaipėda (Memel) is founded by the Teutonic Knights.^{[11] [12]}
• The town and monastery of Orval Abbey in Belgium burn to the ground; rebuilding takes 100 years.^[13]
• Thomas Aquinas travels to the University of Paris, to begin his studies there for a master's degree.^{[14] [15]}
• In astronomy, work begins on the recording of the Alfonsine tables.^[16]

Asia

• The classic Japanese text Jikkunsho is completed.^{[17] [18]}
• The Chinese era Chunyou ends.^[19]
• The Mongols take the westernmost province of the Song dynasty empire.^[20]

Births

• March 25  - Conradin, Duke of Swabia (d. 1268)^{[21] [22]}
• Safi-ad-din Ardabili, Persian Sufi leader^{[23] [24]}
• Eleanor de Montfort, Princess of Wales, English-born consort (d. 1282)^{[25] [26]}

Deaths

• January 1  - Saint Zdislava Berka, Bohemian lay Dominican benefactress^[27]
• January 23  - Isabella, Queen of Armenia^[28]
• January  - Bohemond V, Prince of Antioch^{[29] [30]}
• February 3  - Sviatoslav III of Vladimir, Prince of Novgorod (b. 1196)^[31]
• April 1  - Kujō Michiie, Japanese regent^[32]
• April 6  - Saint Peter of Verona
• May 3 or May 4  - Günther von Wüllersleben, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights^{[33] [34]}
• May 30  - King Ferdinand III of Castile and Leon^{[35] [36]}
• June 6  - Robert Passelewe, Bishop of Chichester^[37]
• June 9  - Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg^{[38] [39]}
• June 29  - Abel, King of Denmark (b. 1218)^{[40] [41]}
• August 1  - Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, Italian chronicler of the Mongol Empire^{[42] [43]}
• November 27  - Blanche of Castile, queen of Louis VIII of France and regent of France (b. 1188)^{[44] [45]}
• date unknown
  • John of Basingstoke, English scholar and ecclesiastic^{[46] [47]}
  • Henry I, Count of Anhalt^[48]
  • Sorghaghtani Beki, Mongolian empress and regent^{[49] [50]}
  • Catherine Sunesdotter, Swedish queen consort^[51]
  • Yesü Möngke, Khan of the Chagatai Khanate^[52]

Notes and References

1. Book: Prudlo, Donald. The Martyred Inquisitor: The Life and Cult of Peter of Verona (†1252). Routledge. 2016. 9781351885911. Church, Faith and Culture in the Medieval West. New York and London. 13–14. en. 2008.
2. Book: van Braght, Thieleman J.. The Bloody Theatre, Or Martyrs' Mirror, of the Defenceless Christians: Who Suffered and Were Put to Death for the Testimony of Jesus, Their Savior, from the Time of Christ Until the Year A.D. 1660. David Miller. 1837. Lancaster, PA. 249. en.
3. Book: Tavuzzi, Michael. Renaissance Inquisitors: Dominican Inquisitors and Inquisitorial Districts in Northern Italy, 1474-1527. BRILL. 2007. 9789047420606. Leiden, Boston. 4–5. en.
4. Book: Parris, David Paul. Reception Theory and Biblical Hermeneutics. Wipf and Stock Publishers. 2009. 9781630878153. Princeton Theological Monograph Series. Eugene, OR. 252. en.
5. Book: Carpenter, Dwayne E.. Alfonso X and the Jews: An Edition of and Commentary on Siete Partidas 7.24 "De Los Judíos". University of California Press. 1986. 9780520099517. Modern Philology. 115. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London. 1. en.
6. Book: Hall, Thomas. Stockholm: The Making of a Metropolis. Routledge. 2009. 9781134298594. London and New York. 26. en.
7. Andersson. Kjell. August 2005. Beginning Swedish Genealogy. Ancestry Magazine. 23. 4. 44. Google Books.
8. Book: Dunham, Samuel Astley. History of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans and John Taylor. 1839. II. London. 223. en.
9. Book: Andersen, Per. Legal Procedure and Practice in Medieval Denmark. BRILL. 2011. 9789004204768. Leiden, Boston. 16. en.
10. Book: Menzel, Wolfgang. The History of Germany: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time. Henry G. Bohn. 1862. II. London. 17. en.
11. Book: Devenis, Keistutis P.. Ancient Lithuania and the History of Deltuva. VAGA. 2002. Vilnius, Lithuania. 112. 9785415016297. en.
12. Book: Baltic Cities: Perspectives on Urban and Regional Change in the Baltic Sea Area. Åberg. Martin. Peterson. Martin. Nordic Academic Press. 1997. 9789189116030. Lund, Sweden. 107. en.
13. Book: Villa, Keith. The Oxford Companion to Beer. Oxford University Press. 2012. 9780195367133. Oliver. Garrett. Oxford, New York. 630. en.
14. Book: The Essential Aquinas: Writings on Philosophy, Religion, and Society. Aquinas. Thomas. Hood. John Y. B.. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2002. 9780275978181. Westport, CT and London. 28. en.
15. Book: Davies, Brian. Thomas Aquinas's Summa Contra Gentiles: A Guide and Commentary. Oxford University Press. 2016. 9780190456542. Oxford and New York. 4. en.
16. Book: The Alfonsine Tables of Toledo. Chabás. José. Goldstein. B. R.. Springer Science & Business Media. 2013. 9789401702133. Boston, MA. 144. en.
17. Book: Tooley, Sarah A.. https://books.google.com/books?id=BkAwngNsqTIC&q=1252+Jikkunsho&pg=RA7-PA1. Feminism and the Periodical Press, 1900-1918. Taylor & Francis. 2006. 9780415320269. Delap. Lucy. London and New York. en. The Women of New Japan. 1910. DiCenzo. Maria. Ryan. Leila.
18. Book: Qian, Nanxiu. Spirit and Self in Medieval China: The Shih-shuo Hsin-yü and Its Legacy. University of Hawaii Press. 2001. 9780824823979. Honolulu, HI. 453. en.
19. Book: Ritual Alliances of the Putian Plain. Dean. Kenneth. Zheng. Zhenman. BRILL. 2010. 9789047440178. Two: A Survey of Village Temples and Ritual Activities. Leiden, Boston. 15. en.
20. Book: Jackson, Peter. The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. Yale University Press. 2017. 9780300227284. New Haven, CT and London. 125. en.
21. Book: Grillo, Paolo. https://books.google.com/books?id=mzwpq6bLHhMC&q=1252+Conradin+Swabia&pg=PA422. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology. Oxford University Press. 2010. 9780195334036. Rogers. Clifford J.. I. Oxford and New York. 422–423. en. Conradin.
22. Book: Fritze, Ronald H.. The Rise of the Medieval World, 500-1300: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2002. 9780313308178. Schulman. Jana K.. The Great Cultural Eras of the Western World. Westport, CT and London. 113–114. en.
23. Book: Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: Central Asia and Middle East. 1252 Safi-ad-din Ardabili.. Babinger. F.. Savory. R. M.. Sarup & Sons. 2002. 9788176252669. Hanif. N.. Safi Al-Din Ardabili (1252 - 1334). 417–419. en.
24. Book: Ridgeon, Lloyd. Sufi Castigator: Ahmad Kasravi and the Iranian Mystical Tradition. Routledge. 2006. 9781134373987. New York and London. 213. en.
25. Book: Wilkinson, Louise J.. Eleanor de Montfort: A Rebel Countess in Medieval England. A&C Black. 2012. 9781441182197. London and New York. 90. en.
26. Book: Maddicott, J. R.. Simon de Montfort. Cambridge University Press. 2001. 9780521376365. Cambridge, New York. 41–42. en. 1994.
27. Book: Ellsberg, Robert. Blessed Among Us: Day by Day with Saintly Witnesses. Liturgical Press. 2016. 9780814647455. Collegeville, MN. 49. en.
28. Book: Baldwin, Philip Bruce. Pope Gregory X and the Crusades. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. 2014. 9781843839163. Woodbridge, UK. 1. en.
29. Book: Setton, Kenneth M.. A History of the Crusades: The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East. University of Wisconsin Press. 1985. 9780299091446. V: The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East. Madison, WI and London. 560. en.
30. Book: Folda, Jaroslav. Crusader Art in the Holy Land, From the Third Crusade to the Fall of Acre, 1187 - 1291. Cambridge University Press. 2005. 9780521835831. Cambridge, New York. 250. en.
31. Book: Ostrowski, Donald. Muscovy and the Mongols: Cross-Cultural Influences on the Steppe Frontier, 1304-1589. Cambridge University Press. 2002. 9780521894104. Cambridge and New York. 255. en.
32. Book: Conlan, Thomas. From Sovereign to Symbol: An Age of Ritual Determinism in Fourteenth Century Japan. Oxford University Press. 2011. 9780199778102. Oxford and New York. 25. en.
33. Book: Fischer, Mary. The Chronicle of Prussia by Nicolaus von Jeroschin: A History of the Teutonic Knights in Prussia, 1190–1331. Routledge. 2016. 9781317038405. New York and London. 21. en. 2010.
34. Book: Borchardt, Karl. https://books.google.com/books?id=nIa9CgAAQBAJ&q=1252+G%C3%BCnther+von+W%C3%BCllersleben&pg=PA118. The Crusader World. Routledge. 2016. 9781317408321. Boas. Adrian. London and New York. 118. en. The Military-Religious Orders in the Crusader West.
35. Book: O'Callaghan, Joseph F.. Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. 2013. 9781136775192. Emmerson. Richard K.. New York and London. 215–217. en.
36. Book: Bianchini, Janna. The Queen's Hand: Power and Authority in the Reign of Berenguela of Castile. University of Pennsylvania Press. 2012. 9780812206265. Philadelphia, PA. xi. en.
37. Book: The Growth of Royal Government Under Henry III. Crook. David. Wilkinson. Louise J.. Boydell & Brewer. 2015. 9781783270675. Woodbridge, UK. 249. en.
38. Book: Wispelwey, Berend. Biographical Index of the Middle Ages. Walter de Gruyter. 2008. 9783110914160. Munich, Germany. 837. en.
39. Book: Setton, Kenneth Meyer. A History of the Crusades: The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, edited by H. W. Hazard. University of Wisconsin Press. 1975. 9780299066703. III: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Madison, WI. 749. en.
40. Book: Andersen, Per. https://books.google.com/books?id=fz43DAAAQBAJ&q=1252+Abel+Denmark&pg=PA270. Denmark and Europe in the Middle Ages, c.1000–1525: Essays in Honour of Professor Michael H. Gelting. Routledge. 2016. 9781317152743. Hundahl. Kerstin. London and New York. 197. en. Dating the Laws of Medieval Denmark : Studies of the Manuscripts of the Danish Church Laws. Kjær. Lars. Lund. Niels.
41. Book: Andersen, Per. Legal Procedure and Practice in Medieval Denmark. BRILL. 2011. 9789004204768. Leiden, Boston. 16. en.
42. Book: Explorers of the Renaissance. Britannica Educational Publishing. 2012. 9781615308811. New York. 23–26. en.
43. Book: Miller, Mary-Emily. Dictionary of World Biography: The Middle Ages. Routledge. 1998. 9781579580414. Magill. Frank Northen. London and New York. 206–209. en. Aves. Alison.
44. Book: Shadis, Miriam. Women and Gender in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. 2006. 9780415969444. Schaus. Margaret. New York and London. 76–77. en.
45. Book: Jackson, Guida M.. Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide. registration. 1252 Blanche of Castile.. ABC-CLIO. 1999. 9781576070918. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford. 64. en.
46. Book: Savage, James. The Librarian; Being an Account of Scarce, Valuable, and Useful English Books, Manuscript Libraries, Public Records. 1252 John of Basingstoke.. W. Savage. 1808. London. 86. en.
47. Book: The Cambridge History of English Literature. Cambridge University Press Archive. 1965. Wallace. Alfred Rayney. XV: General Index. Cambridge. 200. en. 1927. Ward. Adolphus William.
48. Book: Bumke, Joachim. Courtly Culture: Literature and Society in the High Middle Ages. 1252 Henry I Anhalt.. University of California Press. 1991. 9780520066342. Berkeley, Los Angeles, Oxford. 480. en.
49. Book: Halbertsma, Tjalling H. F.. Early Christian Remains of Inner Mongolia: Discovery, Reconstruction and Appropriation. Second Edition, Revised, Updated and Expanded. BRILL. 2015. 9789004288867. Leiden, Boston. 50. en.
50. Book: The Cambridge History of China. Twitchett. Denis C.. Franke. Herbert. Fairbank. John King. Cambridge University Press. 1994. 9780521243315. 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 907-1368. Cambridge, New Your and Oakleigh, Australia. 390–391. en.
51. Web site: Katarina - Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon . 2024-06-06 . sok.riksarkivet.se.
52. Book: Nicola, Bruno De. Women in Mongol Iran: The Khatuns, 1206-1335. Edinburgh University Press. 2017. 9781474415491. Edinburgh. 79. en.