1213 Explained

Year 1213 (MCCXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

• May 15  - King John of England submits to Pope Innocent III, who in turn lifts the interdict of 1208 the following year.^{[1] [2]}
• May 30  - Battle of Damme: The English fleet under William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, destroys a French fleet off the Belgian port in the first major victory for the fledgling Royal Navy.^{[3] [4]}
• September 12  - Battle of Muret: The Toulousain and Aragonese forces of Raymond VI of Toulouse and Peter II of Aragon are defeated by the Albigensian Crusade, under Simon de Montfort.^{[5] [6]}
• Jin China is overrun by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, who plunder the countryside and cities, until only Beijing remains free, despite two bloody palace coups and a lengthy siege.^{[7] [8]}
• Pope Innocent III issues a charter, calling for the Fifth Crusade to recapture Jerusalem.^{[9] [10] [11]}

• Construction of the Kilkenny Castle in Ireland is completed.^{[12] [13]}

Births

• March 9  - Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, French crusader (d. 1271)^[14]
• June 10  - Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi, Persian philosopher and Sufi mystic^{[15] [16]}
• Ibn al-Nafis, polymath (d. 1288)^[17]
• Hethum I, King of Armenia, ruler of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (d. 1270)

Deaths

• January 18  - Queen Tamar of Georgia (b. c. 1160)^{[18] [19]}
• April 13  - Guy of Thouars, regent of Brittany^{[20] [21] [22]}
• April 21  - Maria of Montpellier, Lady of Montpellier, Queen of Aragon (b. 1182)^{[23] [24]}
• September 12  - King Peter II of Aragon (killed in battle) (b. 1174)^{[25] [26]}
• September 28  - Gertrude of Merania, queen consort regent of Hungary (murdered) (b. 1185)^{[27] [28] [29]}
• October 10  - Frederick II, Duke of Lorraine^[30]
• October 14  - Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 1st Earl of Essex^{[31] [32]}
• Sharafeddin Tusi, Persian mathematician (b. 1135)^{[33] [34] [35]}

Notes and References

1. Book: Schulman, Jana K.. The Rise of the Medieval World, 500-1300: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2002. 9780313308178. The Great Cultural Eras of the Western World. Westport, CT and London. xxix. en.
2. Book: Moore, John Clare. Pope Innocent 3rd 1160/61-1216: To Root Up and to Plant. BRILL. 2003. 9789004129252. The Medieval Mediterranean. Leiden, Boston. 212–214. en.
3. Book: Tucker, Spencer C.. A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO. 2009. 9781851096725. I: ca. 3000 BCE - 1499 CE. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford. 269. en.
4. Book: Poole, Austin Lane. From Domesday Book to Magna Carta, 1087-1216. Oxford University Press. 1993. 9780192852878. Oxford and New York. 459–461. en.
5. Book: de Puylaurens, Guillaume. The Chronicle of William of Puylaurens: The Albigensian Crusade and Its Aftermath. Boydell Press. 2003. 9780851159256. Woodbridge, UK. 45–47. en.
6. Brooks. Constantina E.. June–November 1872. The Battle of Muret, A.D. 1213. Harper's New Monthly Magazine. XLV. 449.
7. Book: Bennett, Matthew. The Hutchinson Dictionary of Ancient & Medieval Warfare. Taylor & Francis. 1998. 9781579581169. Chicago, London. 73. en.
8. Book: McNab, Chris. Famous Battles of the Medieval Period. Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC. 2017. 9781502632470. New York. 47. en.
9. Book: The Fifth Crusade in Context: The Crusading Movement in the Early Thirteenth Century. Mylod. E. J.. Perry. Guy. Smith. Thomas W.. Vandeburie. Jan. Routledge. 2016. 9781317160175. New York. en.
10. Book: Tyerman, Christopher. God's War: A New History of the Crusades. registration. 1213 Fifth Crusade.. Christopher Tyerman. Harvard University Press. 2006. 9780674023871. Cambridge, MA. 612–613. en.
11. Book: Crusade and Christendom: Annotated Documents in Translation from Innocent III to the Fall of Acre, 1187-1291. Bird. Jessalynn. Peters. Edward. Powell. James M.. University of Pennsylvania Press. 2013. 9780812207651. Philadelphia, PA. 106–112. en.
12. Book: https://books.google.com/books?id=_zTUDgAAQBAJ&q=1213+Kilkenny+Castle&pg=PA307. Proceedings of the First Conference of the Construction History Society. Campbell. James. Bill. Nicholas. Draper. Karey. Fleming. Patrick. Pan. Yiting. Andrews. Wendy. Short Run Press. 2015. 9780992875107. Exeter, UK. 307. en. Old Ennisnag Bridge (by D. O'Dwyer and R. Cox).
13. Web site: Kilkenny Castle. 29 September 2007. www.kilkenny.ie. en. 2019-06-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20100302181851/http://www.kilkenny.ie/eng/About_Kilkenny/History/Famous_Landmarks/Kilkenny_Castle.html. March 2, 2010. dead.
14. Book: Commire, Anne. Women in World History. Gale. 1999. 9780787640613. I. Waterford, CT. 77. en.
15. Book: Clark, Matthew. https://books.google.com/books?id=9CUlDwAAQBAJ&q=1213+Fakhr-al-Din+Iraqi&pg=PA87. Literary and Religious Practices in Medieval and Early Modern India. Taylor & Francis. 2017. 9781351987325. Aquil. Raziuddin. London and New York. 87. en. Religious Sects, Syncretism, and Claims of Antiquity: The Dashanami–Sannyasis and South Asian Sufis’. In Literary, Religious and Political Cultures in Medieval and Early Modern India. Curley. David L..
16. Book: Dabashi, Hamid. The World of Persian Literary Humanism. Harvard University Press. 2012. 9780674067592. Cambridge, MA and London. en.
17. Book: أبو غدة. عبد الفتاح . قيمة الزمن عند العلماء . مكتب المطبوعات الإسلامية – الطبعة العاشرة, حلب. 73 . 1984 .
18. Book: Cook, Bernard A.. Women and War: A Historical Encyclopedia from Antiquity to the Present. ABC-CLIO. 2006. 9781851097708. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford. 579. en.
19. Book: Schmermund, Elizabeth. Women Warriors. Enslow Publishing, LLC. 2017. 9780766081529. New York. 39–43. en.
20. Book: Baldwin, John W.. The Government of Philip Augustus: Foundations of French Royal Power in the Middle Ages. University of California Press. 1991. 9780520911116. Berkeley, Los Angeles, Oxford. 199. en. 1986.
21. Book: The Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and Her Family, 1171-1221. Everard. Judith. Jones. Michael C. E.. Boydell & Brewer. 1999. 9780851157511. Woodbridge, UK. 141. en.
22. Book: Encyclopaedia of Chronology: Historical and Biographical. Woodward. Bernard Bolingbroke. Cates. William Leist Readwin. Lee and Shepard. 1872. London. 227. en.
23. Book: Martin, Therese. Reassessing the Roles of Women as 'Makers' of Medieval Art and Architecture (2 Vol. Set). BRILL. 2012. 9789004185555. Visualizing the Middle Ages. Leiden, Boston. 352. en.
24. Book: de Puylaurens, Guillaume. The Chronicle of William of Puylaurens: The Albigensian Crusade and Its Aftermath. Boydell Press. 2003. 9780851159256. Woodbridge, UK. 30. en.
25. Book: Jenkins, Ernest E.. The Mediterranean World of Alfonso II and Peter II of Aragon (1162–1213). Springer. 2012. 9781137078261. The New Middle Ages. New York. 2. en.
26. Book: Sarfaty, David E.. Buy Columbus Re-discovered: Why the King of Aragon Suppressed the Discoverer's Identity and How He Did. Dorrance Publishing. 2010. 9781434997500. Pittsburgh, PA. 160. en.
27. Book: Berend, Nora. The Expansion of Central Europe in the Middle Ages. Routledge. 2017. 9781351890083. The Expansion of Latin Europe, 1000 - 1500. New York and London. en.
28. Book: New Approaches to Medieval Architecture. Bork. Robert. Clark. William W.. McGehee. Abby. Routledge. 2016. 9781351915137. New York and London. en.
29. Book: The Origins of the German Principalities, 1100-1350: Essays by German Historians. Loud. Graham A.. Schenk. Jochen. Taylor & Francis. 2017. 9781317022008. New York and London. xxiii. en.
30. Book: Jeep, John M.. Medieval Germany: An Encyclopedia. Psychology Press. 2001. 9780824076443. New York and London. 467. en.
31. Book: Weis, Frederick Lewis. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who Came to America Before 1700: The Lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and Some of Their Descendants. Genealogical Publishing Company. 1992. 9780806313672. Baltimore, MD. 213. en.
32. Book: West, Francis. Justiceship England 1066-1232. Cambridge University Press. 2005. 9780521619646. Cambridge, UK. 137. en.
33. Book: History of Mathematics: Highways and Byways. Dahan-Dalmédico. Amy. Peiffer. Jeanne. Mathematical Association of America. 2010. 9780883855621. Washington, D.C.. 97. en. 1986.
34. Book: Gharipour, Mohammad. The Historiography of Persian Architecture. Routledge. 2015. 9781317427223. London and New York. 66. en.
35. Book: Cooke, Roger L.. The History of Mathematics.: A Brief Course. John Wiley & Sons. 2011. 9781118030240. Second. Hoboken, NJ. 426. en. 2005.