11th (Northern) Division explained
The 11th (Northern) Division, was an infantry division of the British Army during the First World War, raised from men who had volunteered for Lord Kitchener's New Armies. The division fought in the Gallipoli Campaign and on the Western Front. The division's insignia was an ankh or ankhus.
History
The division came into existence on 21 August 1914 under Army Order No. 324, which authorised the formation of the first six new divisions of Kitchener's Army. The division was composed of early wartime volunteers and assembled at Belton Park near Grantham.
By mid-1915, the recruits were judged to be ready for active service, and the division sailed for the Mediterranean in June-July 1915. As part of the Suvla Bay landing force, it reinforced the British expeditionary force at Gallipoli, on 7 August. The 6th (Service) Battalion, Alexandra, Princess of Wales Own (Yorkshire Regiment) (32nd Brigade) was the first "Kitchener unit" to be involved in a major offensive operation of the war. Its action at Lala Baba Hill, on 7 August, was costly: all but three of its officers were killed, including the CO, Colonel E. H. Chapman, were killed. Afterwards the hill was known to the Allies as York Hill. The division continued to serve at Gallipoli, suffering high casualties, until the evacuation of Suvla in December 1915. It then spent a period of time in Egypt, guarding the Suez Canal.
The division was transferred to France in mid-1916 and saw action in the Battle of the Somme. It remained on the Western Front until the armistice of 11 November 1918.
On 28 June 1919, exactly five years since the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the 11th (Northern) Division was officially disbanded, having sustained more than 32,100 casualties during the war.
Order of battle
The division comprised the following units and formations:[1] [2] [3]
- 32nd Brigade :
- 9th Battalion, Prince of Wales's Own (West Yorkshire Regiment) – absorbed 1/1st Yorkshire Hussars October 1917 and became 9th (Yorkshire Hussars) Battalion, West Yorkshire Regiment
- 6th Battalion, East Yorkshire Regiment – became divisional pioneers 18 January 1915
- 6th Battalion, Alexandra, Princess of Wales Own (Yorkshire Regiment) (Green Howards) – absorbed into 2nd Battalion 16 May 1918
- 8th Battalion, Duke of Wellington's (West Riding Regiment) – from 34 Bde 18 January 1915; disbanded and drafted February 1918
- 6th Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment
- 2nd Battalion, Green Howards – joined from 30th Division 14 May 1918
- 32nd Brigade Machine Gun Company – formed March 1916; joined 11th Battalion, Machine Gun Corps (MGC), 28 February 1918
- 32nd Brigade Trench Mortar Battery – joined July 1917
- 33rd Brigade :
- 34th Brigade :
- 8th Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers
- 9th Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers – disbanded and drafted February 1918
- 8th Battalion, Duke of Wellington's Regiment – to 32 Bde 18 January 1915
- 11th Battalion, Manchester Regiment
- 5th Battalion, Dorsetshire Regiment – from 33 Bde 18 January 1915
- 34th Brigade Machine Gun Company – formed March 1916; joined 11th Battalion MGC 28 February 1918
- 34th Brigade Trench Mortar Battery – joined July 1917
- 1/2nd South-Western Mounted Brigade (Serving dismounted) – attached at Suvla 9 October to 15 November 1915
- 1/1st Royal 1st Devon Yeomanry
- 1/1st Royal North Devon Yeomanry
- 1/1st West Somerset Yeomanry
- 1/2nd South-Western Signal Troop, Royal Engineers (RE)
- 1/2nd South-Western Field Ambulance, Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC)
- Divisional Mounted Troops:
- Divisional Royal Artillery:
- LVIII Brigade, Royal Field Artillery (RFA)
- 184, 185, 186 Batteries – 6-gun batteries reorganised by February 1915 as 4-gun batteries designated A, B, C and D
- LVIII Brigade Ammunition Column (BAC)
- LIX Brigade, RFA
- 187, 188, 189 Batteries – A, B, C, D by February 1915
- LIX BAC
- LX Brigade, RFA
- 190, 191, 192 Batteries – A, B, C, D by February 1915
- LX BAC
- LXI (Howitzer) Brigade, RFA – remained in England when division went to Gallipoli; later joined Guards Division
- 193 (H), 194 (H), 195 (H) Batteries – A, B, C, D by February 1915
- LIX (H) BAC
- 11th Divisional Ammunition Column – remained in England when division went to Gallipoli
- 1st Hull Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) and Ammunition Column – redesignated 11th (Hull) Heavy Battery May 1915; remained in England when division went to Gallipoli; later went to East Africa[4]
Also attached:
- LV Brigade, RFA – attached from 10th (Irish) Division at Suvla until the evacuation
- LVII (H) Brigade, RFA – attached from 10th (Irish) Division at Suvla until the evacuation
- IV Lowland (H) Brigade, RFA (TF) – attached from 52nd (Lowland) Division at Suvla until the evacuation
- IV Highland (Mountain) Brigade, RGA (TF) – attached from 29th Division at Suvla until the evacuation
- 10th Heavy Battery, RGA – attached from 10th (Irish) Division at Suvla until the evacuation
- 91st Heavy Battery, RGA – attached in England; detached at Gallipoli and landed at Cape Helles
After 1916 reorganisations[5]
- LVIII Brigade, RFA
- A, B, C Batteries
- D Battery – became A (H) Battery, CXXXIII (H) Brigade 26 April 1916
- LIX Brigade, RFA
- A, B, C Batteries
- D Battery – became B (H) Battery, CXXXIII (H) Brigade 26 April 1916
- LX Brigade, RFA – broken up 25 January 1917
- A, B, C Batteries
- D Battery – became CXXXIII BAC 26 April 1916
- CXXXIII (Howitzer) Brigade, RFA – formed in 26 April 1916 as 'The Howitzer Brigade, RFA', renamed 31 May 1916; broken up between LVIII and LIX Brigades November–December 1916
- A (H) Battery – from LVIII Brigade 26 April 1916
- B (H) Battery – from LIX Brigade 26 April 1916
- CXXXIII BAC – from LX Brigade 26 April; became C (H) Battery 22 June; broken up between A (H) and B (H) Batteries 29 August 1916
- 501 (H) Battery – joined 15, left 27 November 1916
- CXVIII (H) Brigade, RFA – joined from 1st Canadian Division 15 July 1916 and broken up
- 458 (H) Battery – became D (H) Battery, LVIII Brigade
- 459 (H) Battery – became D (H) Battery, LIX Brigade
- 461 (H) Battery – became D (H) Battery, LX Brigade
- X/11, Y/11, Z/11 Medium Trench Mortar Batteries – joined 9 August 1916
- 11th Divisional Ammunition Column – rejoined in France 7 July 1916 and absorbed BACs
After Winter 1916–17 reorganisation
- LVIII Brigade, RFA
- LIX Brigade, RFA
- X/11 Medium Trench Mortar Battery
- Y/11 Medium Trench Mortar Battery
- Z/11 Medium Trench Mortar Battery – absorbed by X/11 and Y/11 on 3 February 1918
- V/11 Heavy Trench Mortar Battery – left February 1918
- Divisional Royal Engineers:
- 67th Field Company, RE
- 68th Field Company, RE
- 68th Field Company, RE – joined from 21st Division 7 February 1915
- 11th Divisional Signal Company, RE
- Divisional Pioneers :
- 6th Battalion, East Yorkshire Regiment
- Divisional Machine Gun Troops:
- 11 Divisional Motor Machine Gun Company – joined 9 June 1915; remained in England when division went to Gallipoli
- 250th Machine Gun Company, MGC - joined 16 November 1917
- 11th Battalion, MGC – formed 28 February 1918
- 32nd, 33rd, 34th, 250th MG Companies
- Divisional Medical Services:
- Divisional Transport:
- 11th Divisional Train, Army Service Corps (ASC) – remained in England when division went to Gallipoli; later joined 26th Division in Salonika[6]
- 112th, 113th, 114th 115th Companies, ASC
- 11 Divisional Motor Ambulance Workshop – remained in England when division went to Gallipoli and absorbed into Divisional Train
- 11th Divisional Train, ASC – former 53rd (Welsh) Divisional Train left in England; joined 6 July 1916[6]
- 479th, 480th, 481st, 482nd Companies, ASC
Commanders
The following officers served as General Officer Commanding:[1]
- Major General Frederick Hammersley (August 1914 – August 1915)
- Major General Sir Edward Fanshawe (August 1915 – July 1916)
- Lieutenant General Sir Charles Woollcombe (July–December 1916)
- Brigadier-General J. Erskine (acting) (December 1916)
- Major General Archibald Ritchie (wounded in action) (December 1916 – May 1917)
- Major General Henry Davies (wounded in action) (May 1917 – September 1918)
- Brigadier General Sir Ormonde Winter (acting) (September 1918)
- Major-General H. Davies (September–October 1918)
Battles
The division took part in the following actions:[1]
Gallipoli Campaign
1915
Western Front
1916
1917
1918
See also
References
- Book: Aspinall-Oglander, C. F. . History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence . Military Operations Gallipoli: May 1915 to the Evacuation . II . 1932 . Heinemann. London. IWM & Battery Press 1992 . 0-89839-175-X.
- Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 3a: New Army Divisions (9–26), London: HM Stationery Office, 1938/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, .
- Rupert Drake, The Road to Lindi: Hull Boys in Africa: The 1st (Hull) Heavy Battery Royal Garrison Artillery in East Africa and France 1914–1919, Brighton: Reveille Press, 2013, .
- Gen Sir Martin Farndale, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Western Front 1914–18, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1986, .
- Book: Spring, F. G. . Frederick Spring . The History of the 6th (Service) Battalion Lincolnshire Regiment, 1914–1919 . Poacher Books . Boston . 2008 . 978-0-9559914-0-0.
- Lt-Col Michael Young, Army Service Corps 1902–1918, Barnsley: Leo Cooper, 2000, .
External links
Notes and References
- Becke, pp. 19–25.
- Web site: 11th (Northern) Division . 2024-01-08 . The Long, Long Trail . en-GB.
- Web site: 11th (Northern) Division at Regimental Warpath. . 3 October 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20091003120537/http://www.warpath.orbat.com/divs/11_div.htm . 3 October 2009 . dead . dmy-all .
- Drake, pp. 58–63.
- Farndale, p. 134.
- Young, Annex Q.
