1183 Explained

Year 1183 (MCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By area

Byzantine Empire

• Andronicus I Comnenus becomes Byzantine Emperor.^{[1] [2]}
• October  - Alexios II Komnenos is murdered, after a 3-year reign at Constantinople. Andronikos I, 64, is proclaimed emperor of the Byzantine Empire before the crowd on the terrace of the Church of Christ of the Chalke. He marries Alexios' widow, the 11-year-old Agnes of France, and makes a treaty with Venice in November in which he promised a yearly indemnity as compensation for Venetian losses during the Massacre of the Latins.^[3]

Europe

• June 25  - The Peace of Constance is signed, between Frederick Barbarossa and the Lombard League, forming the legal basis for the autonomy of the Italian city republics.^{[4] [5] [6]}
• Joseph of Exeter writes the first account of a sport resembling cricket.^[7]

Asia

Japan

• Three-year-old Emperor Go-Toba ascends to the throne of Japan, after the forced abdication of his brother Emperor Antoku, during the Genpei War.^{[8] [9] [10]}
• August 14  - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures, and flee to western Japan to escape pursuit by the Minamoto clan (traditional Japanese date: Twenty-fifth Day of the Seventh Month of the Second Year of Juei).^{[11] [12]}
• November 17  - Battle of Mizushima: The Taira Clan defeats the Minamoto Clan.^{[13] [14]}

Near East

• February  - Raynald of Châtillon has at least five ships freighted over the Isthmus of Suez, which he then uses to pillage the shores of the Red Sea around Jeddah.
• William of Tyre is excommunicated by the newly appointed Heraclius of Jerusalem, firmly ending their struggle for power.^{[15] [16]}
• The Siege of Kerak is waged between the Ayyubids and the Crusaders, in which regent Guy of Lusignan refuses to fight.^{[17] [18]}
• Saladin conquers Syria and becomes sultan.^{[19] [20]}

Births

• Chagatai Khan, second son of Genghis Khan, Khan of the Chagatai Khanate (d. 1241 or 1242)^{[21] [22]}
• Philippa of Armenia, empress consort of Nicaea

Deaths

• June 11  - Henry the Young King, son of Henry II of England (b. 1155)^{[23] [24] [25]}
• October  - Alexios II Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1167)^{[26] [27] [28]}
• November 23  - William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester (b. 1116)^[29]
• Queen Gongye, Korean queen consort (b. 1109)^{[30] [31]}

Notes and References

1. Book: Eastmond, Antony. Art and Identity in Thirteenth-Century Byzantium: Hagia Sophia and the Empire of Trebizond. Routledge. 2016. 9781351957229. Birmingham Byzantine and Ottoman Monographs. 10. London and New York. 157. en. 2004.
2. Book: Gregory, Timothy E.. A History of Byzantium. John Wiley & Sons. 2010. 9781444359978. Second. Malden, MA, Oxford and Chichester, UK. 309. en. 2005.
3. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 349. .
4. Raccagni. Gianluca. 2016-06-01. When the Emperor Submitted to his Rebellious Subjects: A Neglected and Innovative Legal Account of the Peace of Constance, 1183. The English Historical Review. en. 131. 550. 519–539. 10.1093/ehr/cew173. 0013-8266. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/22081965/Raccagni_When_the_emperor.pdf . 2022-10-09 . live.
5. Book: Sismondi, Jean-Charles-Léonard Simonde. A History of the Italian Republics: Being a View of the Rise, Progress, and Fall of Italian Freedom. Carey & Lea. 1832. Philadelphia, PA. 60–61. en.
6. Book: Gillespie, Alexander. The Causes of War. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2016. 9781782259541. II: 1000 CE to 1400 CE. Oxford and Portland, OR. 65. en.
7. Web site: 1300 YEARS of Cricket: 700 to 2000 AD. Das. Deb K.. 22 November 2000. ESPNcricinfo. 26 June 2019. Joseph of Exeter, in 1183, gives the first complete description of this co-ed community activity. A ball is thrown at (and hit by) a batter wielding a staff which looks like today's baseball bat...the batter protects a piece of wood, perhaps a log or tree-stump, resting on a gate-like stand(could this be the origin of the term "stumps" in modern cricket?)...fielders are positioned all around, squires in front of the "wicket" and serfs behind...... This sport has clearly been going on for some time, and Joseph of Exeter calls it a "merrye" weekend recreation..
8. Book: The Nomadic Object: The Challenge of World for Early Modern Religious Art. Göttler. Christine. Mochizuki. Mia. BRILL. 2017. 9789004354500. Leiden, Boston. 443. en.
9. Book: The Clear Mirror: A Chronicle of the Japanese Court During the Kamakura Period (1185-1333). Stanford University Press. 1998. 9780804763882. Brown. Delmer Myers. Berkeley, CA, Los Angeles & London. 31–32. en. 1979. Ishida. Ichirō.
10. Brower. Robert H.. 1972. "Ex-Emperor Go-Toba's Secret Teachings": Go-Toba no in Gokuden. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. 32. 5–70. 10.2307/2718867. 0073-0548. 2718867.
11. Book: Henshall, Kenneth. Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945. Scarecrow Press. 2014. 9780810878723. Lanham, MA, Toronto, Plymouth, UK. 96. en.
12. Akiyama. Akira. 2018-12-11. Relic or Icon? The Place and Function of Imperial Regalia*. The Nomadic Object. en. 430–447. 10.1163/9789004354500_016. 9789004354500.
13. Book: Turnbull, Stephen. Fighting Ships of the Far East. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2012. 9781782000433. 2: Japan and Korea AD 612–1639. Oxford and New York. 44. en. 2003.
14. Book: Turnbull, Stephen. The Samurai Swordsman: Master of War. Frontline Books. 2008. 9781473817937. Barnsley, UK. 28. en.
15. Book: William of Tyre: Historian of the Latin East. Edbury. Peter W.. Rowe. John Gordon. Cambridge University Press Archive. 1991. 9780521407281. Cambridge, New York. 20–21. en. 1988.
16. Book: Mallett. A.. Thomas. D.. 2011. William Of Tyre. Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 3 (1050-1200). en. 769–777.
17. Book: Stevenson, W. B.. The Crusaders in the East: A Brief History of the Wars of Islam with the Latins in Syria During the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Cambridge University Press. 2012. 9781107669093. Cambridge, New York. 233–234. en.
18. Book: Tyerman, Christopher. God's War: A New History of the Crusades. Christopher Tyerman. Harvard University Press. 2006. 9780674023871. Cambridge, MA. 363. en.
19. Book: Baedeker (Firm), Karl. Palestine and Syria: Handbook for Travellers. K. Baedeker. 1876. London. 81. en.
20. Book: Hamblin, William J.. Encyclopedia of African History 3-Volume Set. Routledge. 2013. 9781135456702. Shillington. Kevin. I. New York, London. 438. en.
21. Book: May, Timothy. The Mongol Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. 2016. 9781610693400. Empires of the World. I. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford. 134. en.
22. Book: Gamble, Ruth. Reincarnation in Tibetan Buddhism: The Third Karmapa and the Invention of a Tradition. Oxford University Press. 2018. 9780190690786. Oxford and New York. 93. en.
23. Book: Huscroft, Richard. Tales From the Long Twelfth Century: The Rise and Fall of the Angevin Empire. Yale University Press. 2016. 9780300187281. New Haven, CT and London. 110. en.
24. Book: Strickland, Matthew. Henry the Young King, 1155-1183. Yale University Press. 2016. 9780300219555. New Haven, CT and London. 308–309. en.
25. Henderson. George. 1961. Giraldus Cambrensis. Archaeological Journal. en. 118. 1. 175–179. 10.1080/00665983.1961.10854192. In June 1183 the young king died, and Henry no longer had four sons.
26. Book: Bauer, S. Wise. The History of the Renaissance World: From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Conquest of Constantinople. W. W. Norton & Company. 2013. 9780393059762. New York. 232. en.
27. Eastmond. Antony. 1994-09-01. An Intentional Error? Imperial Art and "Mis"-Interpretation under Andronikos I Komnenos. The Art Bulletin. 76. 3. 502–510. 10.1080/00043079.1994.10786600. 0004-3079. In 1183 Andronikos Komnenos became emperor of the Byzantine Empire by strangling his young predecessor, Alexios II..
28. Book: John II Komnenos, Emperor of Byzantium: In the Shadow of Father and Son. Bucossi. Alessandra. Suarez. Alex Rodriguez. Routledge. 2016. 9781317110712. London and New York. 230. en.
29. Book: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who Came to America Before 1700: Lineages from Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and Other Historical Individuals. Weis. Frederick Lewis. Sheppard. Walter Lee. Beall. William Ryland. Beall. Kaleen E.. Genealogical Publishing Company. 2004. 9780806317526. Eighth . Baltimore, MD. 123. en. 1950.
30. Encyclopedia: . ko:공예태후 . Queen Gongye . 2017 . . http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Index?contents_id=E0004400.
31. Encyclopedia: . ko:공예태후 . Queen Gongye . . http://www.doopedia.co.kr/doopedia/master/master.do?_method=view&MAS_IDX=101013000827656.