1177 Explained

Year 1177 (MCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

January - December

• January  - Eystein Meyla, leader of the Birkebeiner in Norway, is killed. Sverre Sigurdson (Later, King Sverre I, of Norway) becomes the new leader.^[1]
• January 13  - Leopold V becomes Duke of Austria.^[2]
• March  - Treaty of Venice: Frederick I Barbarossa acknowledges Alexander III as Pope, after a diplomatic mediation by Venetian doge Sebastiano Ziani.^{[3] [4]}
• March 16  - The Spanish Award is signed and witnessed by, among others, Robert III de Stuteville and John of Greenford^{[5] [6]}
• August 1  - The Holy Roman Empire renounces any claims on the territory of Rome.^[7]
• September 27  - Pope Alexander III sends a letter to Prester John, believing he is real.^{[8] [9]}
• November 25  - Battle of Montgisard: Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and Raynald of Chatillon defeat Saladin.^[10]

Date unknown

• During the third year of the Angen era in Japan, a fire devastates Kyoto.^[11]
• During the winter, the Estonians attack Pskov.^[12]
• Casimir II overthrows his brother Mieszko III the Old, to become High Duke of Poland.^[13]
• The Cham sack the Khmer capital of Angkor. The date is disputed.^{[14] [15]}
• Moscow is burned down by Gleb I, prince of Ryazan, and its inhabitants are killed.^[16]
• A civil war breaks out in the Republic of Florence, between the Uberti Family and their consular opponent.^{[17] [18]}
• Puigcerdà is founded by Alfonso II of Aragon.^[19]
• Byland Abbey is established on its final site in Yorkshire, England, by the Cistercians.^[20]
• Abbas Benedictus becomes abbot of Peterborough in England.^[21]
• Roger de Moulins becomes Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller.^[22]
• possible date  - Richard FitzNeal begins to write his treatise Dialogus de Scaccario ("Dialogue concerning the Exchequer") in England.^{[23] [24]}
• The union of Egypt and Syria under Sultan Saladin Yusuf ibn Ayyub, the foundation of the Ayyubid Sultanate.

Births

• February/March  - Philip of Swabia, rival of Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1208)^{[25] [26]}
• August  - Baldwin V, King of Jerusalem (d. 1186)^[27]
• Marie of Oignies, French beguin (d. 1213)^[28]
• Prithviraj Chauhan, Indian ruler of Ajmer (d. 1192)
• Sylvester Gozzolini, Italian founder of the Sylvestrines (d. 1267)^[29]

Deaths

• January 13  - Henry II, Duke of Austria (b. 1107)^[30]
• January  - Eystein Meyla, leader of the Birkebeiner in Norway. (b. 1157)
• June  - William of Montferrat, Count of Jaffa and Ascalon, father of Baldwin V of Jerusalem (b. early 1140s)^{[31] [32]}
• probable  - Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk (b. 1095)^[33]

Notes and References

1. Book: Grammaticus, Saxo. Gesta Danorum: The History of the Danes. Oxford University Press. 2015. 9780198705765. Friis-Jensen. Karsten. Oxford Medieval Texts. II. Oxford. 1390. en. Fisher. Peter.
2. Book: Lyon, Jonathan R.. Princely Brothers and Sisters: The Sibling Bond in German Politics, 1100–1250. Cornell University Press. 2012. 9780801467844. Ithaca, NY and London. 124. en.
3. Book: Johrendt, Jochen. https://books.google.com/books?id=rE4GDAAAQBAJ&q=1177+Treaty+of+Venice+Barbarossa+pope&pg=PA122. Pope Alexander III (1159–81): The Art of Survival. Routledge. 2012. 9781317078371. Duggan. Anne J.. 122. en. The Empire and the Schism. Clarke. Peter D..
4. Book: Rosand, David. Myths of Venice: The Figuration of a State. Univ of North Carolina Press. 2001. 9780807856635. Chapel Hill and London. 6. en.
5. Book: Stubbs, William. The Constitutional History of England in Its Origin and Development. 1177 The Spanish Award.. Clarendon Press. 1874. Oxford and London. 486. en.
6. Sussex Archaeological Collections . Walcott. Mackenzie E. C.. Sussex Archaeological Society.. 1878. XXVIII. Lewes, England. 21. en. The Bishops of Chichester from Stigand to Sherborne . 10.5284/1085498 . free.
7. Book: Kleinhenz, Christopher. Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. 2004. 9781135948801. New York and London. 504. en.
8. Book: Baldridge, Cates. Prisoners of Prester John: The Portuguese Mission to Ethiopia in Search of the Mythical King, 1520-1526. McFarland. 2014. 9780786490196. Jefferson, NC. 13. en.
9. Book: Phillips, J. R. S.. The Medieval Expansion of Europe. Oxford University Press. 1988. 9780192891235. Oxford and New York. 60. en.
10. Book: Ehrlich, Michael. https://books.google.com/books?id=pqgTAgAAQBAJ&q=1177+Battle+of+Montgisard&pg=PA97. Journal of Medieval Military History. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. 2013. 9781843838609. Rogers. Clifford J.. Suffolk and Rochester, NY. 97. en. Saint Catherine's Day Miracle - The Battle of Montgisard. DeVries. Kelly. France. John.
11. Book: Kornicki, Peter Francis. The Book in Japan: A Cultural History from the Beginnings to the Nineteenth Century. BRILL. 1998. 9789004101951. Leiden, Boston, Köln. 370. en.
12. Estonian Theological Society in Exile. April 1956. Charisteria Iohanni Kõpp octogenario oblata. 304 pp. Stockholm, 1954. $5.00. (Papers of the Estonian Theological Society in Exile, No. 7.) (May be obtained from the Bookstore, Chicago Lutheran Theological Seminary, Maywood, Ill.). Theology Today. en. 13. 1. 129. 10.1177/004057365601300124. 220990258. 0040-5736.
13. Book: A'Beckett, William. A Universal Biography: Including Scriptural, Classical and Mytological Memoirs, Together with Accounts of Many Eminent Living Characters: the Whole Newly Compiled and Composed from the Most Recent and Authentic Sources. 1177 Casimir II poland.. Isaac, Tuckey, and Company. 1836. London. 686. en.
14. Book: Arrowood, Janet. Adventure Guide Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. Hunter Publishing, Inc. 2008. 9781588435200. Edison, NH, Quebec and Oxford. 82. en.
15. Book: The Cham of Vietnam: History, Society and Art. Phuong. Tran Ky. Lockhart. Bruce. National University of Singapore Press. 2011. 9789971694593. Singapore. 400. en.
16. Book: Riasanovsky, Nicholas V.. Russian Identities: A Historical Survey. Oxford University Press, USA. 2005. 9780195156508. Oxford and New York. 35. en.
17. Book: Trollope, Thomas Adolphus. A History of the Commonwealth of Florence: From the Earliest Independence of the Commune to the Fall of the Republic in 1531. Chapman and Hall. 1865. I. London. 60–61. en.
18. Book: Clarke, Michelle T.. Machiavelli's Florentine Republic. Cambridge University Press. 2018. 9781107125506. Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, New Delhi. 1–2. en.
19. Book: Dubin, Marc. The Rough Guide to the Pyrenees. Rough Guides. 2004. 9781843531968. London, New York. 221. en.
20. Book: An attempt to discriminate the styles of English architecture, from the Conquest to the Reformation. Preceded by a sketch of the Grecian and Roman orders, with notices of nearly five hundred English buildings. 1177 Byland Abbey.. Rickman. Thomas. Parker. John Henry. John Henry & James Parker. 1862. 6th. Oxford and London. 172. en.
21. Book: Parker, John Henry. A Companion to the Fourth Edition of A Glossary of Terms Used in Grecian, Roman, Italian, and Gothic Architecture: Containing 400 Additional Examples, a Chronological Table and a General Index. John Henry Parker. 1846. Oxford and London. 65. en.
22. Book: Riley-Smith, Jonathan. https://books.google.com/books?id=8wNY3gLWMqoC&q=1177+Roger+de+Moulins&pg=PA38. The Knights Hospitaller in the Levant, C.1070-1309. Palgrave Macmillan. 2012. 9780230290839. Basingstoke and New York. 38. en. 3. Reaching Maturity: 1177 - 1206.
23. Book: Magna Carta Latina: The Privilege of Singing, Articulating, and Reading a Language and of Keeping it Alive. Rosenstock-Huessy. Eugen. Battles. Ford Lewis. The Pickwick Press. 1975. 9780915138074. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 230. en.
24. Book: Duffus Hardy, Thomas. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Aevi Scriptores: Or, Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland During the Middle Ages. Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts. 1865. II: Descriptive Catalogue of Materials Relating to the History of Great Britain and Ireland to the End of the Reign of Henry VII (from A.D. 1066 to A.D. 1200). London. 410. en.
25. Book: Newton, Michael. Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. 2014. 9781610692861. I: A - P. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford. 420. en.
26. Book: Clothing the Past: Surviving Garments from Early Medieval to Early Modern Western Europe. Coatsworth. Elizabeth. Owen-Crocker. Gale. BRILL. 2018. 9789004352162. Leiden, Boston. 91. en.
27. Book: Jones, Barry. Dictionary of World Biography. Australian National University Press. 2017. 9781760461263. Fourth . Acton, Australia. 51. en.
28. Book: Emmerson, Richard Kenneth. Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. 2006. 9780415973854. New York and London. 452. en.
29. Book: Currier, Charles Warren. History of Religious Orders: a Compendious and Popular Sketch of the Rise and Progress of the Principal Monastic, Canonical, Military, Mendicant, and Clerical Orders and Congregations of the Eastern and Western Churches, Together With a Brief History of the Catholic Church in Relation to Religious Orders. 1177 Sylvester Gozzolini.. Murphy & McCarthy. 1898. New York. 146. en.
30. Book: Driver, Stephanie. World and Its Peoples. Marshall Cavendish. 2010. 9780761478942. Europe 7: Central Europe. New York. 884. en.
31. Book: Hamilton, Bernard. The Leper King and His Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge University Press. 2005. 9780521017473. Cambridge, New York. 117–118. en.
32. Book: Tyerman, Christopher. God's War: A New History of the Crusades. registration. 1177 William of Montferrat.. Christopher Tyerman. Harvard University Press. 2006. 9780674023871. Cambridge, MA. 360. en.
33. Book: The Historic Peerage of England: Exhibiting, Under Alphabetical Arrangement, the Origin, Descent, and Present State of Every Title of Peerage Which Has Existed in This Country Since the Conquest; Being a New Edition of the "Synopsis of the Peerage of England". 1177 Hugh Bigod.. Nicolas. Sir Nicholas Harris. Courthope. William John. John Murray. 1857. London. 350. en.