116th United States Congress explained

Imagedate:2020
Ordinal:116
Start:January 3, 2019
End:January 3, 2021
Vp:Mike Pence (R)
Pro Tem:Chuck Grassley (R)
Speaker:Nancy Pelosi (D)
Senators:100
Reps:435
Delegates:6
H-Majority:Democratic
S-Majority:Republican
Sessionnumber1:1st
Sessionstart1:January 3, 2019
Sessionend1:January 3, 2020
Sessionnumber2:2nd
Sessionstart2:January 3, 2020
Sessionend2:January 3, 2021

The 116th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2019, and ended on January 3, 2021, during the final two years of Donald Trump's presidency. Senators elected to regular terms in 2014 finished their terms in this Congress, and House seats were apportioned based on the 2010 census.

In the November 2018 midterm elections, the Democratic Party won a new majority in the House, while the Republican Party increased its majority in the Senate. Consequently, this was the first split Congress since the 113th Congress of 2013–2015, and the first Republican Senate–Democratic House split since the 99th Congress of 1985–1987. This Congress was the youngest incoming class by mean age, compared to the previous three the incoming class of freshman representatives,[1] and the most demographically diverse in history.

Upon joining the Libertarian Party on May 1, 2020, Justin Amash became the first member of Congress to represent a political party other than the Democrats or the Republicans since Rep. William Carney, who served as a Conservative before switching to the Republican Party in 1985. Before joining the Libertarian Party, Amash had been serving as an independent since his departure from the Republican Party on July 4, 2019.[2] Paul Mitchell also left the Republicans in December 2020, becoming an independent.[3] Neither incumbent ran for re-election.

Major events

Major legislation

Enacted

See main article: List of acts of the 116th United States Congress.

Proposed (but not enacted)

See main article: List of bills in the 116th United States Congress.

Elijah Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act of 2019

John Lewis Voting Rights Act of 2019

American Dream and Promise Act of 2019

Paycheck Fairness Act of 2019

Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2019

Major resolutions

Adopted

Proposed

Party summary

Resignations and new members are discussed in the "Changes in membership" section below.

Senate

Final (from December 2, 2020)File:US Senate 45-2-52 (1V).svgBegin (January 3, 2019) – January 8, 2019File:US Senate 45-2-53.svgJanuary 8, 2019 – December 31, 2019File:US Senate 45-2-52 (1V).svgDecember 31, 2019 – January 6, 2020File:US Senate 45-2-53.svgJanuary 6, 2020 – December 2, 2020
AffiliationParty

(shading indicates majority caucus)

TotalVacant
DemocraticIndependent
Republican
End of previous Congress47250991
Begin (January 3, 2019)45252991
January 8, 2019531000
December 31, 201952991
January 6, 2020531000
December 2, 20204652
Final voting share<--1 decimal place to mirror House of Representatives-->
Beginning of the next Congress46251991

House of Representatives

Final (from December 14, 2020)File:US House 235-199 (1V).svgBegin (January 3, 2019) – January 23, 2019File:US House 235-198 (2V).svgJanuary 23, 2019 – February 10, 2019File:US House 235-197 (3V).svgFebruary 10, 2019 – May 21, 2019File:US House 235-198 (2V).svgMay 21, 2019 – July 4, 2019File:US House 235-1-197 (2V).svgJuly 4, 2019 – September 10, 2019File:US House 235-1-199.svgSeptember 10, 2019 – September 23, 2019File:US House 235-1-198 (1V).svgSeptember 23, 2019 – October 1, 2019File:US House 235-1-197 (2V).svgOctober 1, 2019 – October 17, 2019File:US House 234-1-197 (3V).svgOctober 17, 2019 – November 3, 2019File:US House 233-1-197 (4V).svgNovember 3, 2019 – December 19, 2019File:US House 232-1-198 (4V).svgDecember 19, 2019 – January 13, 2020File:US House 232-1-197 (5V).svgJanuary 13, 2020 – March 30, 2020File:US House 232-1-196 (6V).svgMarch 30, 2020 – April 29, 2020File:US House 233-1-196 (5V).svgApril 29, 2020 – May 1, 2020File:US House 233-0-1-196 (5V).svgMay 1, 2020 – May 12, 2020File:US House 233-0-1-198 (3V).svgMay 12, 2020 - May 22, 2020File:US House 233-0-1-197 (4V).svgMay 22, 2020 – June 23, 2020File:US House 233-0-1-198 (3V).svgJune 23, 2020 – July 17, 2020File:US House 232-0-1-198 (4V).svgJuly 17, 2020 – October 4, 2020File:US House 232-0-1-197 (5V).svgOctober 4, 2020 – December 1, 2020File:US House 233-0-1-197 (4V).svgDecember 1, 2020 – December 7, 2020File:US House 233-0-1-196 (5V).svgDecember 1, 2020 – December 14, 2020
AffiliationParty

(shading indicates majority caucus)

TotalVacant
DemocraticIndependentLibertarianRepublican
End of previous Congress196002364323
Begin (January 3, 2019)235001994341
January 23, 20191984332
February 10, 20191974323
May 21, 20191984332
July 4, 20191197
September 10, 20191994350
September 23, 20191984341
October 1, 20191974332
October 17, 20192344323
November 3, 20192334314
December 19, 2019232198
January 13, 20201974305
March 30, 20201964296
April 29, 20202334305
May 1, 202001
May 12, 20201984323
May 22, 20201974314
June 23, 20201984323
July 17, 20202324314
October 4, 20201974305
December 1, 20202334314
December 7, 20201964305
December 14, 20201195
Final voting share 
Non-voting members310260
Beginning of the next Congress222002114332

Leadership

Senate

Presiding

Majority (Republican) leadership

Minority (Democratic) leadership

House of Representatives

See also: 2019 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election.

Presiding

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

Demographics

Most members of this Congress were Christian (88.2%), with approximately half being Protestant and 30.5% being Catholic. Jewish membership is 6.4%. Other religions represented included Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism. One senator said that she was religiously unaffiliated, while the number of members refusing to specify their religious affiliation increased.[27] [28] [29]

Roughly 96% of members held college degrees. All but 128 members were white and all but 131 members were men.[30]

Senate

The Senate included 74 men and 26 women, the most women to date. In 6 states, both senators were women; 14 states were represented by 1 man and 1 woman; and 30 states were represented by 2 men. During this Congress, Johnny Isakson retired for health reasons and Kelly Loeffler was appointed, which increased the number of women from 25 after the 2018 elections to 26. There were 91 non-Hispanic white, 4 Hispanic, 2 Black, 2 Asian, and 1 multiracial (Black/Asian) senators. Additionally, 2 senators were LGBTQ+.[31] The average age of Senators at the beginning of this congress was 62.9 years.

House of Representatives

There were 101 women in the House, the largest number in history.[32] There were 313 non-Hispanic white, 56 Black, 44 Hispanic, 15 Asian, and 4 Native American congress members. Eight were LGBTQ+.[33] Two Democrats — Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Donna Shalala — were the youngest (30) and oldest (78) freshmen women in history.[34] Freshmen Rashida Tlaib (D-MI) and Ilhan Omar (DFL-MN) were the first two Muslim women and freshmen Sharice Davids (D-KS) and Deb Haaland (D-NM) were the first two Native American women elected as well.[35] The average age of Members of the House at the beginning of the 116th Congress was 57.6 years.

With the election of Carolyn Maloney as the first woman to chair the House Oversight Committee,[36] women chaired a record six House committees in a single Congress (out of 26 women to ever chair House committees in the history of Congress), including House members Maxine Waters (Financial Services), Nita Lowey (Appropriations), Zoe Lofgren (Administration), Eddie Bernice Johnson (Science, Space and Technology) and Nydia Velázquez (Small Business), as well as Kathy Castor, who chaired the Select Committee on the Climate Crisis. In addition, women chaired a record 39 House subcommittees. Lowey and Kay Granger were also the first women to serve as chair and ranking member of the same committee in the same Congress since the since-defunct Select Committee on the House Beauty Shop, which was chaired and populated entirely by congresswomen during its existence from 1967 to 1977.

Diversity of the freshman class

The demographics of the 116th U.S. Congress freshmen were more diverse than any previous incoming class.[37] [38] [39]

At least 25 new congressional representatives were Hispanic, Native American, or people of color, and the incoming class included the first Native American women, the first Muslim women, and the two youngest women ever elected. The 116th Congress included more women elected to the House than any previous Congress.

Members

Senate

The numbers refer to their Senate classes. All class 1 seats were contested in the November 2018 elections. In this Congress, class 1 means their term commenced in the current Congress, requiring re-election in 2024; class 2 means their term ends with this Congress, requiring re-election in 2020; and class 3 means their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 2022.

2. Doug Jones (D)

3. Richard Shelby (R)

2. Dan Sullivan (R)

3. Lisa Murkowski (R)

1. Kyrsten Sinema (D)

3. Martha McSally (R) (until December 2, 2020)

Mark Kelly (D) (from December 2, 2020)

2. Tom Cotton (R)

3. John Boozman (R)

1. Dianne Feinstein (D)

3. Kamala Harris (D)

2. Cory Gardner (R)

3. Michael Bennet (D)

1. Chris Murphy (D)

3. Richard Blumenthal (D)

1. Tom Carper (D)

2. Chris Coons (D)

1. Rick Scott (R) (from January 8, 2019)[40]

3. Marco Rubio (R)

2. David Perdue (R)

3. Johnny Isakson (R) (until December 31, 2019)[41]

Kelly Loeffler (R) (from January 6, 2020)

1. Mazie Hirono (D)

3. Brian Schatz (D)

2. Jim Risch (R)

3. Mike Crapo (R)

2. Dick Durbin (D)

3. Tammy Duckworth (D)

1. Mike Braun (R)

3. Todd Young (R)

2. Joni Ernst (R)

3. Chuck Grassley (R)

2. Pat Roberts (R)

3. Jerry Moran (R)

2. Mitch McConnell (R)

3. Rand Paul (R)

2. Bill Cassidy (R)

3. John Kennedy (R)

1. Angus King (I)

2. Susan Collins (R)

1. Ben Cardin (D)

3. Chris Van Hollen (D)

1. Elizabeth Warren (D)

2. Ed Markey (D)

1. Debbie Stabenow (D)

2. Gary Peters (D)

1. Amy Klobuchar (DFL)

2. Tina Smith (DFL)

1. Roger Wicker (R)

2. Cindy Hyde-Smith (R)

1. Josh Hawley (R)

3. Roy Blunt (R)

1. Jon Tester (D)

2. Steve Daines (R)

1. Deb Fischer (R)

2. Ben Sasse (R)

1. Jacky Rosen (D)

3. Catherine Cortez Masto (D)

2. Jeanne Shaheen (D)

3. Maggie Hassan (D)

1. Bob Menendez (D)

2. Cory Booker (D)

1. Martin Heinrich (D)

2. Tom Udall (D)

1. Kirsten Gillibrand (D)

3. Chuck Schumer (D)

2. Thom Tillis (R)

3. Richard Burr (R)

1. Kevin Cramer (R)

3. John Hoeven (R)

1. Sherrod Brown (D)

3. Rob Portman (R)

2. Jim Inhofe (R)

3. James Lankford (R)

2. Jeff Merkley (D)

3. Ron Wyden (D)

1. Bob Casey Jr. (D)

3. Pat Toomey (R)

1. Sheldon Whitehouse (D)

2. Jack Reed (D)

2. Lindsey Graham (R)

3. Tim Scott (R)

2. Mike Rounds (R)

3. John Thune (R)

1. Marsha Blackburn (R)

2. Lamar Alexander (R)

1. Ted Cruz (R)

2. John Cornyn (R)

1. Mitt Romney (R)

3. Mike Lee (R)

1. Bernie Sanders (I)

3. Patrick Leahy (D)

1. Tim Kaine (D)

2. Mark Warner (D)

1. Maria Cantwell (D)

3. Patty Murray (D)

1. Joe Manchin (D)

2. Shelley Moore Capito (R)

1. Tammy Baldwin (D)

3. Ron Johnson (R)

1. John Barrasso (R)

2. Mike Enzi (R)

House of Representatives

Alabama

. Bradley Byrne (R)

. Martha Roby (R)

. Mike Rogers (R)

. Robert Aderholt (R)

. Mo Brooks (R)

. Gary Palmer (R)

. Terri Sewell (D)

Alaska

. Don Young (R)

Arizona

. Tom O'Halleran (D)

. Ann Kirkpatrick (D)

. Raúl Grijalva (D)

. Paul Gosar (R)

. Andy Biggs (R)

. David Schweikert (R)

. Ruben Gallego (D)

. Debbie Lesko (R)

. Greg Stanton (D)

Arkansas

. Rick Crawford (R)

. French Hill (R)

. Steve Womack (R)

. Bruce Westerman (R)

California

. Doug LaMalfa (R)

. Jared Huffman (D)

. John Garamendi (D)

. Tom McClintock (R)

. Mike Thompson (D)

. Doris Matsui (D)

. Ami Bera (D)

. Paul Cook (R)

. Jerry McNerney (D)

. Josh Harder (D)

. Mark DeSaulnier (D)

. Nancy Pelosi (D)

. Barbara Lee (D)

. Jackie Speier (D)

. Eric Swalwell (D)

. Jim Costa (D)

. Ro Khanna (D)

. Anna Eshoo (D)

. Zoe Lofgren (D)

. Jimmy Panetta (D)

. TJ Cox (D)

. Devin Nunes (R)

. Kevin McCarthy (R)

. Salud Carbajal (D)

. Katie Hill (D)

Mike Garcia (R)

. Julia Brownley (D)

. Judy Chu (D)

. Adam Schiff (D)

. Tony Cárdenas (D)

. Brad Sherman (D)

. Pete Aguilar (D)

. Grace Napolitano (D)

. Ted Lieu (D)

. Jimmy Gomez (D)

. Norma Torres (D)

. Raul Ruiz (D)

. Karen Bass (D)

. Linda Sánchez (D)

. Gil Cisneros (D)

. Lucille Roybal-Allard (D)

. Mark Takano (D)

. Ken Calvert (R)

. Maxine Waters (D)

. Nanette Barragán (D)

. Katie Porter (D)

. Lou Correa (D)

. Alan Lowenthal (D)

. Harley Rouda (D)

. Mike Levin (D)

. Duncan D. Hunter (R) [42]

. Juan Vargas (D)

. Scott Peters (D)

. Susan Davis (D)

Colorado

. Diana DeGette (D)

. Joe Neguse (D)

. Scott Tipton (R)

. Ken Buck (R)

. Doug Lamborn (R)

. Jason Crow (D)

. Ed Perlmutter (D)

Connecticut

. John B. Larson (D)

. Joe Courtney (D)

. Rosa DeLauro (D)

. Jim Himes (D)

. Jahana Hayes (D)

Delaware

. Lisa Blunt Rochester (D)

Florida

. Matt Gaetz (R)

. Neal Dunn (R)

. Ted Yoho (R)

. John Rutherford (R)

. Al Lawson (D)

. Michael Waltz (R)

. Stephanie Murphy (D)

. Bill Posey (R)

. Darren Soto (D)

. Val Demings (D)

. Daniel Webster (R)

. Gus Bilirakis (R)

. Charlie Crist (D)

. Kathy Castor (D)

. Ross Spano (R)

. Vern Buchanan (R)

. Greg Steube (R)

. Brian Mast (R)

. Francis Rooney (R)

. Alcee Hastings (D)

. Lois Frankel (D)

. Ted Deutch (D)

. Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D)

. Frederica Wilson (D)

. Mario Díaz-Balart (R)

. Debbie Mucarsel-Powell (D)

. Donna Shalala (D)

Georgia

. Buddy Carter (R)

. Sanford Bishop (D)

. Drew Ferguson (R)

. Hank Johnson (D)

. John Lewis (D) [43]

Kwanza Hall (D)

. Lucy McBath (D)

. Rob Woodall (R)

. Austin Scott (R)

. Doug Collins (R)

. Jody Hice (R)

. Barry Loudermilk (R)

. Rick W. Allen (R)

. David Scott (D)

. Tom Graves (R)

Hawaii

. Ed Case (D)

. Tulsi Gabbard (D)

Idaho

. Russ Fulcher (R)

. Mike Simpson (R)

Illinois

. Bobby Rush (D)

. Robin Kelly (D)

. Dan Lipinski (D)

. Jesús "Chuy" García (D)

. Mike Quigley (D)

. Sean Casten (D)

. Danny K. Davis (D)

. Raja Krishnamoorthi (D)

. Jan Schakowsky (D)

. Brad Schneider (D)

. Bill Foster (D)

. Mike Bost (R)

. Rodney Davis (R)

. Lauren Underwood (D)

. John Shimkus (R)

. Adam Kinzinger (R)

. Cheri Bustos (D)

. Darin LaHood (R)

Indiana

. Pete Visclosky (D)

. Jackie Walorski (R)

. Jim Banks (R)

. Jim Baird (R)

. Susan Brooks (R)

. Greg Pence (R)

. André Carson (D)

. Larry Bucshon (R)

. Trey Hollingsworth (R)

Iowa

. Abby Finkenauer (D)

. Dave Loebsack (D)

. Cindy Axne (D)

. Steve King (R)

Kansas

. Roger Marshall (R)

. Steve Watkins (R)

. Sharice Davids (D)

. Ron Estes (R)

Kentucky

. James Comer (R)

. Brett Guthrie (R)

. John Yarmuth (D)

. Thomas Massie (R)

. Hal Rogers (R)

. Andy Barr (R)

Louisiana

. Steve Scalise (R)

. Cedric Richmond (D)

. Clay Higgins (R)

. Mike Johnson (R)

. Ralph Abraham (R)

. Garret Graves (R)

Maine

. Chellie Pingree (D)

. Jared Golden (D)

Maryland

. Andy Harris (R)

. Dutch Ruppersberger (D)

. John Sarbanes (D)

. Anthony Brown (D)

. Steny Hoyer (D)

. David Trone (D)

. Elijah Cummings (D)

Kweisi Mfume (D)

. Jamie Raskin (D)

Massachusetts

. Richard Neal (D)

. Jim McGovern (D)

. Lori Trahan (D)

. Joe Kennedy III (D)

. Katherine Clark (D)

. Seth Moulton (D)

. Ayanna Pressley (D)

. Stephen F. Lynch (D)

. Bill Keating (D)

Michigan

. Jack Bergman (R)

. Bill Huizenga (R)

. Justin Amash (R, then I, then L)

. John Moolenaar (R)

. Dan Kildee (D)

. Fred Upton (R)

. Tim Walberg (R)

. Elissa Slotkin (D)

. Andy Levin (D)

. Paul Mitchell (R, then I)[44]

. Haley Stevens (D)

. Debbie Dingell (D)

. Rashida Tlaib (D)

. Brenda Lawrence (D)

Minnesota

. Jim Hagedorn (R)

. Angie Craig (DFL)

. Dean Phillips (DFL)

. Betty McCollum (DFL)

. Ilhan Omar (DFL)

. Tom Emmer (R)

. Collin Peterson (DFL)

. Pete Stauber (R)

Mississippi

. Trent Kelly (R)

. Bennie Thompson (D)

. Michael Guest (R)

. Steven Palazzo (R)

Missouri

. Lacy Clay (D)

. Ann Wagner (R)

. Blaine Luetkemeyer (R)

. Vicky Hartzler (R)

. Emanuel Cleaver (D)

. Sam Graves (R)

. Billy Long (R)

. Jason Smith (R)

Montana

. Greg Gianforte (R)

Nebraska

. Jeff Fortenberry (R)

. Don Bacon (R)

. Adrian Smith (R)

Nevada

. Dina Titus (D)

. Mark Amodei (R)

. Susie Lee (D)

. Steven Horsford (D)

New Hampshire

. Chris Pappas (D)

. Annie Kuster (D)

New Jersey

. Donald Norcross (D)

. Jeff Van Drew (D, then R)

. Andy Kim (D)

. Chris Smith (R)

. Josh Gottheimer (D)

. Frank Pallone (D)

. Tom Malinowski (D)

. Albio Sires (D)

. Bill Pascrell (D)

. Donald Payne Jr. (D)

. Mikie Sherrill (D)

. Bonnie Watson Coleman (D)

New Mexico

. Deb Haaland (D)

. Xochitl Torres Small (D)

. Ben Ray Luján (D)

New York

. Lee Zeldin (R)

. Peter T. King (R)

. Thomas Suozzi (D)

. Kathleen Rice (D)

. Gregory Meeks (D)

. Grace Meng (D)

. Nydia Velázquez (D)

. Hakeem Jeffries (D)

. Yvette Clarke (D)

. Jerry Nadler (D)

. Max Rose (D)

. Carolyn Maloney (D)

. Adriano Espaillat (D)

. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D)

. José E. Serrano (D)

. Eliot Engel (D)

. Nita Lowey (D)

. Sean Patrick Maloney (D)

. Antonio Delgado (D)

. Paul Tonko (D)

. Elise Stefanik (R)

. Anthony Brindisi (D)

. Tom Reed (R)

. John Katko (R)

. Joseph Morelle (D)

. Brian Higgins (D)

. Chris Collins (R)

Chris Jacobs (R)

North Carolina

. G. K. Butterfield (D)

. George Holding (R)

. Walter B. Jones Jr. (R)

Greg Murphy (R)

. David Price (D)

. Virginia Foxx (R)

. Mark Walker (R)

. David Rouzer (R)

. Richard Hudson (R)

. Dan Bishop (R)

. Patrick McHenry (R)

. Mark Meadows (R)

. Alma Adams (D)

. Ted Budd (R)

North Dakota

. Kelly Armstrong (R)

Ohio

. Steve Chabot (R)

. Brad Wenstrup (R)

. Joyce Beatty (D)

. Jim Jordan (R)

. Bob Latta (R)

. Bill Johnson (R)

. Bob Gibbs (R)

. Warren Davidson (R)

. Marcy Kaptur (D)

. Mike Turner (R)

. Marcia Fudge (D)

. Troy Balderson (R)

. Tim Ryan (D)

. David Joyce (R)

. Steve Stivers (R)

. Anthony Gonzalez (R)

Oklahoma

. Kevin Hern (R)

. Markwayne Mullin (R)

. Frank Lucas (R)

. Tom Cole (R)

. Kendra Horn (D)

Oregon

. Suzanne Bonamici (D)

. Greg Walden (R)

. Earl Blumenauer (D)

. Peter DeFazio (D)

. Kurt Schrader (D)

Pennsylvania

. Brian Fitzpatrick (R)

. Brendan Boyle (D)

. Dwight Evans (D)

. Madeleine Dean (D)

. Mary Gay Scanlon (D)

. Chrissy Houlahan (D)

. Susan Wild (D)

. Matt Cartwright (D)

. Dan Meuser (R)

. Scott Perry (R)

. Lloyd Smucker (R)

. Tom Marino (R)

Fred Keller (R)

. John Joyce (R)

. Guy Reschenthaler (R)

. Glenn Thompson (R)

. Mike Kelly (R)

. Conor Lamb (D)

. Mike Doyle (D)

Rhode Island

. David Cicilline (D)

. James Langevin (D)

South Carolina

. Joe Cunningham (D)

. Joe Wilson (R)

. Jeff Duncan (R)

. William Timmons (R)

. Ralph Norman (R)

. Jim Clyburn (D)

. Tom Rice (R)

South Dakota

. Dusty Johnson (R)

Tennessee

. Phil Roe (R)

. Tim Burchett (R)

. Chuck Fleischmann (R)

. Scott DesJarlais (R)

. Jim Cooper (D)

. John Rose (R)

. Mark E. Green (R)

. David Kustoff (R)

. Steve Cohen (D)

Texas

. Louie Gohmert (R)

. Dan Crenshaw (R)

. Van Taylor (R)

. John Ratcliffe (R)

. Lance Gooden (R)

. Ron Wright (R)

. Lizzie Fletcher (D)

. Kevin Brady (R)

. Al Green (D)

. Michael McCaul (R)

. Mike Conaway (R)

. Kay Granger (R)

. Mac Thornberry (R)

. Randy Weber (R)

. Vicente Gonzalez (D)

. Veronica Escobar (D)

. Bill Flores (R)

. Sheila Jackson Lee (D)

. Jodey Arrington (R)

. Joaquin Castro (D)

. Chip Roy (R)

. Pete Olson (R)

. Will Hurd (R)

. Kenny Marchant (R)

. Roger Williams (R)

. Michael C. Burgess (R)

. Michael Cloud (R)

. Henry Cuellar (D)

. Sylvia Garcia (D)

. Eddie Bernice Johnson (D)

. John Carter (R)

. Colin Allred (D)

. Marc Veasey (D)

. Filemon Vela Jr. (D)

. Lloyd Doggett (D)

. Brian Babin (R)

Utah

. Rob Bishop (R)

. Chris Stewart (R)

. John Curtis (R)

. Ben McAdams (D)

Vermont

. Peter Welch (D)

Virginia

. Rob Wittman (R)

. Elaine Luria (D)

. Bobby Scott (D)

. Donald McEachin (D)

. Denver Riggleman (R)

. Ben Cline (R)

. Abigail Spanberger (D)

. Don Beyer (D)

. Morgan Griffith (R)

. Jennifer Wexton (D)

. Gerry Connolly (D)

Washington

. Suzan DelBene (D)

. Rick Larsen (D)

. Jaime Herrera Beutler (R)

. Dan Newhouse (R)

. Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R)

. Derek Kilmer (D)

. Pramila Jayapal (D)

. Kim Schrier (D)

. Adam Smith (D)

. Denny Heck (D)

West Virginia

. David McKinley (R)

. Alex Mooney (R)

. Carol Miller (R)

Wisconsin

. Bryan Steil (R)

. Mark Pocan (D)

. Ron Kind (D)

. Gwen Moore (D)

. Jim Sensenbrenner (R)

. Glenn Grothman (R)

. Sean Duffy (R)

Tom Tiffany (R)

. Mike Gallagher (R)

Wyoming

. Liz Cheney (R)

Non-voting members

. Amata Coleman Radewagen (R)

. Eleanor Holmes Norton (D)

. Michael San Nicolas (D)

. Gregorio Sablan (I)

. Jenniffer González (R/PNP)

. Stacey Plaskett (D)

Caucuses

See main article: Caucuses of the United States Congress.

Changes in membership

Senate

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate.

|-| Florida
(1)| data-sort-value="Vacant" | Vacant| data-sort-value="January 8, 2019" | Senator-elect chose to wait until finishing term as Governor of Florida.[40] | data-sort-value="Scott Rick" | Rick Scott
(R)| January 8, 2019

|-| Georgia
(3)| data-sort-value="Isakson Johnny" | Johnny Isakson
(R)| data-sort-value="December 31, 2019" | Incumbent resigned December 31, 2019.[41]
Successor was appointed the same day to continue the term.[41] | data-sort-value="Loeffler Kelly" | Kelly Loeffler
(R)| January 6, 2020[45]

|-| Arizona
(3)| data-sort-value="McSally Martha" | Martha McSally
(R)| data-sort-value="December 31, 2019" | Appointee lost special election to finish the term.
Successor elected November 3, 2020.| data-sort-value="Kelly Mark" | Mark Kelly
(D)| December 2, 2020[46]

|}

House of Representatives

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives. |-| | data-sort-value="AAAVacant" nowrap | Vacant| data-sort-value="January 3, 2019" | Vacant from the start of the term as allegations of fraud in the 2018 general election prevented the results from being certified.
A special election was held September 10, 2019.[47] | data-sort-value="Bishop Dan" | Dan Bishop
(R)| September 17, 2019[48]

|-| | data-sort-value="Marino Tom" nowrap | Tom Marino
(R)| data-sort-value="January 23, 2019" | Resigned January 23, 2019, to take job in private sector.
A special election was held May 21, 2019.[49] | data-sort-value="Keller Fred" | Fred Keller
(R)| June 3, 2019

|-| | data-sort-value="Jones Walter B. Jr." nowrap | Walter B. Jones Jr.
(R)| data-sort-value="February 10, 2019" | Died February 10, 2019.
A special election was held September 10, 2019.[50] | data-sort-value="Murphy Greg" | Greg Murphy
(R)| September 17, 2019[51]

|-| | data-sort-value="Amash Justin" nowrap | Justin Amash
(R)| data-sort-value="July 4, 2019" | Changed party July 4, 2019.[52] | data-sort-value="Amash Justin" | Justin Amash
(I)| July 4, 2019

|-| | data-sort-value="Duffy Sean" nowrap | Sean Duffy
(R)| data-sort-value="September 23, 2019" | Resigned September 23, 2019.
A special election was held May 12, 2020.[53] | data-sort-value="Tiffany Tom" | Tom Tiffany
(R)| May 19, 2020

|-| | data-sort-value="Collins Chris" nowrap | Chris Collins
(R)| data-sort-value="October 1, 2019" | Resigned October 1, 2019.
A special election was held June 23, 2020.[54] | data-sort-value="Jacobs Chris" | Chris Jacobs
(R)| colspan=1 | July 21, 2020

|-| | data-sort-value="Cummings Elijah" nowrap | Elijah Cummings
(D)| data-sort-value="October 17, 2019" | Died October 17, 2019.
A special election was held April 28, 2020.[55] | data-sort-value="Mfume Kweisi" | Kweisi Mfume
(D)| May 5, 2020

|-| | data-sort-value="Hill Katie" nowrap | Katie Hill
(D)| data-sort-value="November 1, 2019" | Resigned November 3, 2019, due to allegations of improper relationships with staffer.
A special election was held March 3, 2020, and a runoff election was held May 12, 2020.[56] [57] | data-sort-value="Garcia Mike" | Mike Garcia
(R)| May 19, 2020

|-| | data-sort-value="Van Drew Jeff" nowrap | Jeff Van Drew
(D)| data-sort-value="December 19, 2019" | Changed party December 19, 2019.[58] | data-sort-value="Van Drew Jeff" | Jeff Van Drew
(R)| December 19, 2019

|-| | data-sort-value="Hunter Duncan" nowrap | Duncan D. Hunter
(R)| data-sort-value="January 13, 2020" | Resigned January 13, 2020, following felony indictment.[59] | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress

|-| | data-sort-value="Meadows Mark" nowrap | Mark Meadows
(R)| data-sort-value="March 30, 2020" | Resigned March 30, 2020, to become White House Chief of Staff.[60] [61] | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress

|-| | data-sort-value="Amash Justin" nowrap | Justin Amash
(I)| data-sort-value="May 1, 2020" | Changed party May 1, 2020.| data-sort-value="Amash Justin" | Justin Amash
(L)| May 1, 2020

|-| | data-sort-value="Ratcliffe John" nowrap | John Ratcliffe
(R)| data-sort-value="May 22, 2020" | Resigned May 22, 2020, to become Director of National Intelligence.| colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress

|-| | data-sort-value="Lewis John" nowrap | John Lewis
(D)| data-sort-value="July 17, 2020" | Died July 17, 2020.
A special election runoff was held December 1, 2020.[62] | data-sort-value="Kwanza Hall" | Kwanza Hall
(D)| December 3, 2020

|-| | data-sort-value="Graves Tom" nowrap | Tom Graves
(R)| data-sort-value="October 4, 2020" | Resigned October 4, 2020.| colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress

|-| | data-sort-value="Cook Paul" nowrap | Paul Cook
(R)| data-sort-value="March 3, 2020" | Resigned December 7, 2020, after being elected a member of the San Bernardino County Supervisors.| colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress

|-| | data-sort-value="Mitchell Paul" nowrap | Paul Mitchell
(R)| data-sort-value="December 14, 2020" | Changed party December 14, 2020.| data-sort-value="Mitchell Paul" | Paul Mitchell
(I)| December 14, 2020|}

Committees

Section contents: Senate, House, Joint

Senate

See main article: List of United States Senate committees.

CommitteeChairRanking Member[63]
Tim Scott (R-SC)Bob Casey Jr. (D-PA)
Agriculture, Nutrition and ForestryPat Roberts (R-KS)Debbie Stabenow (D-MI)
AppropriationsRichard Shelby (R-AL)Patrick Leahy (D-VT)
Armed ServicesJim Inhofe (R-OK)Jack Reed (D-RI)
Banking, Housing and Urban AffairsMike Crapo (R-ID)Sherrod Brown (D-OH)
BudgetMike Enzi (R-WY)Bernie Sanders (I-VT)
Commerce, Science and TransportationRoger Wicker (R-MS)Maria Cantwell (D-WA)
Energy and Natural ResourcesLisa Murkowski (R-AK)Joe Manchin (D-WV)
Environment and Public WorksJohn Barrasso (R-WY)Tom Carper (D-DE)
Johnny Isakson (R-GA)
James Lankford (R-OK) 		Chris Coons (D-DE)
FinanceChuck Grassley (R-IA)Ron Wyden (D-OR)
Foreign RelationsJim Risch (R-ID)Bob Menendez (D-NJ)
Health, Education, Labor and PensionsLamar Alexander (R-TN)Patty Murray (D-WA)
Homeland Security and Governmental AffairsRon Johnson (R-WI)Gary Peters (D-MI)
John Hoeven (R-ND)Tom Udall (D-NM)
Richard Burr (R-NC)
Marco Rubio (R-FL) 		Mark Warner (D-VA)
John Cornyn (R-TX)Dianne Feinstein (D-CA)
JudiciaryLindsey Graham (R-SC)Dianne Feinstein (D-CA)
Rules and AdministrationRoy Blunt (R-MO)Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)
Small Business and EntrepreneurshipMarco Rubio (R-FL)Ben Cardin (D-MD)
Veterans' AffairsJohnny Isakson (R-GA)
Jerry Moran (R-KS) 		Jon Tester (D-MT)

House of Representatives

See main article: List of United States House of Representatives committees.

CommitteeChairRanking Member
AgricultureCollin Peterson (D-MN)Mike Conaway (R-TX)
AppropriationsNita Lowey (D-NY)Kay Granger (R-TX)
Armed ServicesAdam Smith (D-WA)Mac Thornberry (R-TX)
BudgetJohn Yarmuth (D-KY)Steve Womack (R-AR)
Kathy Castor (D-FL)Garret Graves (R-LA)
Education and LaborBobby Scott (D-VA)Virginia Foxx (R-NC)
Energy and CommerceFrank Pallone (D-NJ)Greg Walden (R-OR)
EthicsTed Deutch (D-FL)Kenny Marchant (R-TX)
Financial ServicesMaxine Waters (D-CA)Patrick McHenry (R-NC)
Foreign AffairsEliot Engel (D-NY)Michael McCaul (R-TX)
Homeland SecurityBennie Thompson (D-MS)Mike Rogers (R-AL)
House AdministrationZoe Lofgren (D-CA)Rodney Davis (R-IL)
Adam Schiff (D-CA)Devin Nunes (R-CA)
JudiciaryJerrold Nadler (D-NY)Doug Collins (R-GA)
Jim Jordan (R-OH)
Derek Kilmer (D-WA)Tom Graves (R-GA) [64]
Natural ResourcesRaúl Grijalva (D-AZ)Rob Bishop (R-UT)
Oversight and ReformElijah Cummings (D-MD)
Carolyn Maloney (D-NY)
RulesJim McGovern (D-MA)Tom Cole (R-OK)
Science, Space and TechnologyEddie Bernice Johnson (D-TX)Frank Lucas (R-OK)
Small BusinessNydia Velázquez (D-NY)Steve Chabot (R-OH)
Transportation and InfrastructurePeter DeFazio (D-OR)Sam Graves (R-MO)
Veterans' AffairsMark Takano (D-CA)Phil Roe (R-TN)
Ways and MeansRichard Neal (D-MA)Kevin Brady (R-TX)

Joint

See main article: List of current United States congressional joint committees.

CommitteeChairVice ChairRanking MemberVice Ranking Member
EconomicMike Lee (R-UT)Carolyn Maloney (D-NY)
Don Beyer (D-VA) 		David Schweikert (R-AZ)Martin Heinrich (D-NM)
Roy Blunt (R-MO)Nancy Pelosi (D-CA)Kevin McCarthy (R-CA)Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)
LibraryRoy Blunt (R-MO)Zoe Lofgren (D-CA)Rodney Davis (R-IL)Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)
PrintingZoe Lofgren (D-CA)Roy Blunt (R-MO)Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)Rodney Davis (R-IL)
TaxationRichard Neal (D-MA)Chuck Grassley (R-IA)Ron Wyden (D-OR)Kevin Brady (R-TX)

Employees and legislative agency directors

Also called "elected" or "appointed" officials, there are many employees of the House and Senate whose leaders are included here.[65]

Senate

House of Representatives

Legislative branch agency directors

See also

Elections

Membership lists

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Jin . Beatrice . January 7, 2019 . First published November 23, 2018 . Congress's incoming class is younger, bluer, and more diverse than ever . January 31, 2019 . Politico . December 31, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201231173703/https://www.politico.com/interactives/2018/interactive_116th-congress-freshman-younger-bluer-diverse/ . live.
  2. News: Welch . Matt . Matt Welch . April 29, 2020 . Justin Amash Becomes the First Libertarian Member of Congress . . . April 29, 2020 . April 29, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200429171005/https://reason.com/2020/04/29/justin-amash-becomes-the-first-libertarian-member-of-congress/ . live .
  3. News: Tapper . Jake . Congressman cites Trump's efforts to overturn election in announcing decision to quit GOP . December 24, 2020 . CNN . December 14, 2020 . December 24, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201224032137/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/14/politics/paul-mitchell-quits-gop/index.html . live .
  4. News: Stolberg . Sheryl Gay . January 23, 2019 . Trump Says He'll Delay Speech Until After Shutdown, as Democrats Draft Border Security Plan . January 23, 2019 . . January 23, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190123220919/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/government-shutdown-democrats-deal-trump.html . live .
  5. News: February 27, 2019 . Michael D. Cohen's Congressional Testimony . . March 6, 2019 . March 6, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190306015817/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/02/27/us/politics/michael-cohen-testimony.html . live .
  6. U.S. House Approves Resolution Opposing U.S. Troop Withdrawal From Syria, 354-60 . C-Span . October 16, 2019 . November 27, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201127093901/https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4822863%2Fus-house-approves-resolution-opposing-us-troop-withdrawal-syria-354-60 . live .
  7. Web site: Leadership & Officers . January 8, 2019 . Senate.gov . March 9, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210309183232/https://www.senate.gov/senators/leadership.htm . live .
  8. News: Wagner . John . DeBonis . Mike . November 14, 2018 . Congressional leadership elections: House Republicans elect Kevin McCarthy as next leader; Pelosi seeks to shore up votes for speaker . November 15, 2018 . The Washington Post PowerPost blog . February 7, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210207130642/https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/congressional-leadership-elections-pelosi-seeks-to-shore-up-votes-for-speaker/2018/11/14/e9443c14-e813-11e8-b8dc-66cca409c180_story.html . live .
  9. Web site: Bolton . Alexander . November 14, 2018 . McConnell reelected as leader, Thune promoted to whip . December 6, 2018 . . April 24, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190424103459/https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/416616-mcconnell-re-elected-as-leader-thune-promoted-to-whip . live .
  10. News: Everett . Burgess . September 16, 2014 . Lee to steer Senate panel . . October 11, 2020 . November 3, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201103150032/https://www.politico.com/story/2014/09/mike-lee-senate-steering-committee-111021 . live .
  11. Web site: Senator Lankford to Serve on Deputy Whip Team for 116th Congress - U.S. Senator James Lankford of Oklahoma . www.lankford.senate.gov . February 9, 2019 . November 23, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201123203903/https://www.lankford.senate.gov/news/press-releases/senator-lankford-to-serve-on-deputy-whip-team-for-116th-congress . live .
  12. News: Lesniewski . Niels . January 3, 2019 . Dick Durbin says he's running for Senate re-election in 2020, unofficially . Roll Call . January 4, 2019 . January 3, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190103234110/http://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/dick-durbin-says-hes-running-re-election-senate-2020-unofficially . live .
  13. News: Lesniewski . Niels . November 15, 2018 . Catherine Cortez Masto Becomes First Latina to Lead DSCC . . live . December 6, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181206235011/https://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/report-catherine-cortez-masto-lead-dscc-2020 . December 6, 2018.
  14. Web site: Schatz, Booker Elevated To Leadership Posts - U.S. Senator Brian Schatz of Hawaii . www.schatz.senate.gov . February 9, 2019 . October 29, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201029025502/https://www.schatz.senate.gov/press-releases/schatz-booker-elevated-to-leadership-posts . live .
  15. News: McPherson . Lindsey . November 28, 2018 . Steny Hoyer Elected House Majority Leader . . live . December 7, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181129184408/https://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/steny-hoyer-elected-house-majority-leader . November 29, 2018.
  16. News: McPherson . Lindsey . November 28, 2018 . James Clyburn Elected Majority Whip . . live . December 7, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124551/https://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/james-clyburn-elected-majority-whip . December 9, 2018.
  17. News: McPherson . Lindsey . November 28, 2018 . Rep. Ben Ray Luján Elected Assistant Democratic Leader . . live . December 7, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181129044721/http://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/rep-ben-ray-lujan-elected-assistant-democratic-leader . November 29, 2018.
  18. News: McPherson . Lindsey . November 28, 2018 . Hakeem Jeffries Wins Democratic Caucus Chair Race Against Barbara Lee . . live . December 7, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181128220539/http://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/hakeem-jeffries-wins-democratic-caucus-chair-race-barbara-lee . November 28, 2018.
  19. News: McPherson . Lindsey . November 29, 2018 . Katherine Clark Elected House Democratic Caucus Vice Chair . . live . December 7, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124103/https://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/katherine-clark-elected-house-democratic-caucus-vice-chair . December 9, 2018.
  20. News: Pathé . Simone . November 29, 2018 . Cheri Bustos Elected DCCC Chair . . live . December 7, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124220/https://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/cheri-bustos-elected-dccc-chair . December 9, 2018.
  21. News: McPherson . Lindsey . December 4, 2018 . House Democrats' New Elected Leadership Team Is More Progressive and Diverse . . live . December 7, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181205133736/https://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/new-democratic-elected-leadership-team-is-more-progressive-and-diverse . December 5, 2018.
  22. Web site: Ferris . Sarah . November 13, 2019 . Rep. Veronica Escobar Wins Freshman Leadership Seat . November 20, 2020 . . November 25, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201125023640/https://www.politico.com/news/2019/11/13/veronica-escobar-wins-freshman-leadership-seat-070413 . live .
  23. Web site: December 13, 2018 . DeGette dropped from chief deputy whip spot . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20181214013919/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/421280-degette-dropped-from-chief-deputy-whip-spot . December 14, 2018 . December 13, 2018.
  24. Web site: Fandos . Nicholas . November 14, 2018 . House Republicans Pick Kevin McCarthy as Their Next Leader . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20181122140841/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/14/us/politics/house-republican-leaders-kevin-mccarthy.html . November 22, 2018 . November 29, 2018 . The New York Times.
  25. News: November 14, 2018 . Here's the List of House Republican Leaders for the Next Congress . . live . December 6, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181206235048/https://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/heres-list-house-republican-leaders-next-congress . December 6, 2018.
  26. News: McPherson . Lindsey . November 27, 2018 . Scalise Appoints Rep. Drew Ferguson as House GOP's Chief Deputy Whip . . live . December 6, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181128031512/http://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/scalise-appoints-rep-drew-ferguson-as-house-gops-chief-deputy-whip . November 28, 2018.
  27. Web site: January 3, 2019 . Faith on the Hill . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190104074937/http://www.pewforum.org/2019/01/03/faith-on-the-hill-116 . January 4, 2019 . January 4, 2019.
  28. https://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/congress-women-historic-levels Women Elected at Historic Levels, But No Surprise Here: White Men Dominate 116th Congress
  29. Web site: November 7, 2018 . As Christians split over Trump, minority faiths make their mark . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20190102143237/https://religionnews.com/2018/11/07/election-roundup . January 2, 2019 . January 2, 2019. November 7, 2018
  30. Web site: 116th United States Congress: A Survey of Books Written by Members . . 24 December 2020 . January 5, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210105071635/https://guides.loc.gov/116th-congress-book-list . live .
  31. Web site: Edmondson . Catie . Lee . Jasmine C. . November 28, 2018 . Meet the New Freshmen in Congress: More Democrats, Diversity and Women . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20181129060029/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/11/28/us/politics/congress-freshman-class.html . November 29, 2018 . December 22, 2018 . The New York Times.
  32. Web site: December 18, 2018 . A record number of women will be serving in the new Congress . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20181229031823/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/12/18/record-number-women-in-congress . December 29, 2018 . December 28, 2018 . Pew Research.
  33. Web site: Panetta . Grace . Lee . Samantha . December 16, 2018 . This one graphic shows how much more diverse the House of Representatives will become in January . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20181223031604/https://www.businessinsider.com/changes-in-gender-racial-diversity-between-the-115th-and-116th-house-2018-12 . December 23, 2018 . December 22, 2018 . Business Insider.
  34. Web site: Grow . Jason . January 18, 2019 . 'We Call Ourselves the Badasses': Meet the New Women of Congress . January 20, 2019 . POLITICO . January 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210101150607/https://www.politico.com/interactives/2019/photos-new-women-of-congress/ . live .
  35. Web site: January 3, 2019 . First Native American congresswomen hug after swearing-in . live . March 4, 2019 . CNN. https://web.archive.org/web/20190104012143/https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/03/politics/first-native-congresswomen-hug/index.html . January 4, 2019 .
  36. Web site: Ferris . Sarah . Rep. Carolyn Maloney wins election to chair House Oversight Committee . POLITICO . November 20, 2019 . November 30, 2019 . November 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201120103032/https://www.politico.com/news/2019/11/20/rep-carolyn-maloney-to-lead-house-oversight-committee-072214 . live .
  37. Web site: Jin . Beatrice . Congress's incoming class is younger, bluer, and more diverse than ever . November 23, 2018 . March 27, 2019 . Politico . December 31, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201231173703/https://www.politico.com/interactives/2018/interactive_116th-congress-freshman-younger-bluer-diverse/ . live .
  38. Web site: Hansen . Claire . 116th Congress by Party, Race, Gender, and Religion: The 116th Congress has the most women and people of color than ever before. . March 27, 2019 . U.S. News & World Report . February 14, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210214003922/https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/slideshows/116th-congress-by-party-race-gender-and-religion . live .
  39. News: Edmondson . Catie . Meet the New Freshmen in Congress . March 27, 2019 . The New York Times . November 28, 2018 . November 29, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181129060029/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/11/28/us/politics/congress-freshman-class.html . live .
  40. Web site: Sonmez . Felicia . January 8, 2019 . Rick Scott sworn in as Florida's newest senator . February 3, 2019 . South Florida SunSentinel . November 6, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201106170141/https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/politics/fl-ne-wp-rick-scott-sworn-in-as-senator-20190108-story.html . live .
  41. News: Mattingly . Phil . August 28, 2019 . Georgia Republican Sen. Johnny Isakson to resign at end of year . CNN . August 28, 2019 . May 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220516215328/https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/28/politics/johnny-isakson-retire/index.html . live .
  42. Web site: Marquette . Chris . January 7, 2020 . Duncan Hunter resigns from Congress . www.rollcall.com . January 8, 2020 . January 8, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200108144251/https://www.rollcall.com/news/congress/duncan-hunter-resigns-congress . live .
  43. Web site: John Lewis, Georgia Congressman and Civil Rights Icon, Dies at 80 . July 18, 2020 . November 30, 2020 . December 17, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201217053610/https://www.nbcboston.com/news/national-international/rep-john-lewis-dies-at-80/2161514/ . live .
  44. Web site: Congressman cites Trump's efforts to overturn election in announcing decision to quit GOP. . December 14, 2020 . December 14, 2020. January 26, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210126043635/https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/14/politics/paul-mitchell-quits-gop/index.html. live.
  45. Web site: Tia Mitchell . The Atlanta Journal-Constitution . Vice President Pence will swear Kelly Loeffler into the Senate on Monday . ajc . January 5, 2020 . January 2, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200102221247/https://www.ajc.com/blog/politics/vice-president-pence-will-swear-kelly-loeffler-into-the-senate-monday/gNK8ENUA66WtU9CXSkJwrM/ . live .
  46. News: Felicia. Somnez. 2 December 2020. Mark Kelly sworn in as senator, giving Arizona two Democratic senators for first time in more than six decades. The Washington Post. live. 2 December 2020. December 2, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201202133434/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/senate-arizona-democrats-kelly/2020/12/01/10155924-3400-11eb-b59c-adb7153d10c2_story.html.
  47. Web site: Caldwell . Leigh Ann . New election ordered in North Carolina House district after possible illegal activities . February 21, 2019 . NBC News . February 21, 2019 . November 24, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201124033412/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/republican-candidate-mark-harris-calls-new-election-north-carolina-disputed-n974176?cid=public-rss_20190221 . live .
  48. Web site: Jim . Morrill . September 13, 2019 . Rep.-elect Bishop to be sworn in on Tuesday, leaving a scramble for his Senate seat . September 26, 2019 . November 16, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201116062216/https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/politics-government/article235055287.html . live .
  49. 1088421289008738304 . GovernorTomWolf . Having heard the concerns of county officials, I am scheduling the special election to fill the remainder of Congressman Marino's term on May 21, 2019, to coincide with the primary election. . . January 24, 2019 . January 24, 2019.
  50. News: Jurkowitz . Mark . The jam-packed sprint to succeed Walter Jones . en . July 4, 2019 . July 4, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190704120109/https://www.obsentinel.com/news/the-jam-packed-sprint-to-succeed-walter-jones/article_0d3e6f08-4a5d-11e9-a973-bf851c99b644.html . live .
  51. Web site: Friends to Elect Dr. Greg Murphy to Congress . October 2, 2019 . Facebook . en . November 6, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201106170038/https://www.facebook.com/murphy4congress/posts/499547817560991 . live .
  52. News: Conradis . Brandon . July 4, 2019 . Rep. Amash, lone GOP critic of Trump, leaves Republican Party . en . . July 4, 2019 . February 20, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210220225731/https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/rep-amash-lone-gop-critic-of-trump-leaves-republican-party/2019/07/04/9dfb2afc-9e42-11e9-85d6-5211733f92c7_story.html . live .
  53. Web site: October 18, 2019 . Evers Sets New 7th Congressional District Special Election Date . October 19, 2019 . Wisconsin Public Radio . en . January 17, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210117093945/https://www.wpr.org/evers-sets-new-7th-congressional-district-special-election-date . live .
  54. Web site: Bowman . Bridget . New York delays presidential primary, special election to June . March 28, 2020 . March 28, 2020 . Roll Call . November 30, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201130144627/https://www.rollcall.com/2020/03/28/new-york-delays-presidential-primary-special-election-to-june/ . live .
  55. Web site: Pathé . Simone . October 28, 2019 . Maryland governor sets special election date for Cummings' seat . www.rollcall.com . October 29, 2019 . January 23, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200123143035/https://www.rollcall.com/news/maryland-governor-sets-special-election-date-cummings-seat . live .
  56. Web site: October 27, 2019 . Rep. Katie Hill announces resignation amid allegations of improper relationships with staffer. . October 27, 2019 . CNN . en . January 26, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210126061655/https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/27/politics/katie-hill-announces-resignation/index.html . live .
  57. Web site: November 15, 2019 . Special California election to replace Katie Hill set for March 3 . November 15, 2019 . Roll Call . en . January 23, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200123142545/https://www.rollcall.com/news/special-election-to-replace-california-rep-katie-hill-set-for-march-3rd . live .
  58. Web site: December 19, 2019 . Rep. Jeff Van Drew Officially Switches Parties, Pledges 'Undying Support' For Trump . . December 19, 2019 . November 25, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201125230258/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/jeff-van-drew-switches-parties-trump_n_5dfbd87ae4b0eb2264d6a68a . live .
  59. News: January 8, 2020 . National Post . Resigning California congressman's seat to be left vacant for year. Jennifer . Mcentee. Reuters.
  60. Web site: Burgess . Joel . March 6, 2020 . North Carolina's Mark Meadows will leave Congress early for White House post . . March 7, 2020 . November 6, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201106204915/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/03/06/president-donald-trump-name-mark-meadows-white-house-post/4982130002/ . live .
  61. Web site: Burgess . Joel . Voting to start in Asheville, WNC congressional runoff after coronavirus delay . May 14, 2020 . Citizen Times . en . August 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220813061543/https://www.citizen-times.com/story/news/local/2020/05/11/voting-start-asheville-wnc-congressional-runoff-delayed-coronavirus/3095785001/ . live .
  62. Web site: Niesse . Mark . July 27, 2020 . Special election set to fill John Lewis' seat in Congress . August 6, 2020 . Atlanta Journal-Constitution . en . December 18, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201218110623/https://www.ajc.com/politics/special-election-set-to-fill-john-lewis-seat-in-congress/Q7MKHBBMKVGBHEL7GD62FQYYMM/ . live .
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  66. Web site: The Office of the Chaplain, United States House of Representatives . January 8, 2019 . Chaplain.House.gov . February 26, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210226220500/https://chaplain.house.gov/ . live .
  67. Web site: CAO Senior Management . September 24, 2019 . January 5, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180105123057/https://cao.house.gov/who-we-are-cao-senior-management . dead .
  68. Web site: Parliamentarian of the House . September 24, 2019 . . February 27, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210227133529/https://www.house.gov/the-house-explained/officers-and-organizations/parliamentarian-of-the-house . live .
  69. Web site: Sergeant at Arms . September 24, 2019 . . November 18, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171118220548/https://www.house.gov/the-house-explained/officers-and-organizations/sergeant-at-arms . live .
  70. Web site: J. Brett Blanton — Twelfth Architect of the Capitol . March 2, 2020 . Architect of the Capitol . en . May 2, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200502045524/https://www.aoc.gov/architect-of-the-capitol/j-brett-blanton . live .
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  72. Web site: First Day at CBO . September 24, 2019 . www.cbo.gov . June 3, 2019 . January 6, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210106030907/https://www.cbo.gov/publication/55316 . live .
  73. Web site: About the Librarian . September 24, 2019 . Library of Congress . March 9, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210309115605/https://www.loc.gov/about/about-the-librarian/ . live .
  74. Web site: The White House Announces the Withdrawal of GPO Director Nominee . September 24, 2019 . www.gpo.gov . November 6, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201106165832/https://www.gpo.gov/who-we-are/news-media/news-and-press-releases/the-white-house-announces-the-withdrawal-of-gpo-director-nominee . live .
  75. Web site: Office of Law Revision Counsel . September 25, 2019 . history.house.gov . en . November 24, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201124090218/https://history.house.gov/People/Appointed-Officials/Law-Revision-Counsel/ . live .
  76. Web site: Office of House Legislative Counsel . September 25, 2019 . history.house.gov . en . December 23, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201223053205/https://history.house.gov/People/Appointed-Officials/Legislative-Counsel/ . live .

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