1157 Explained

Year 1157 (MCLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

• January 12–March 16 – Caliph Al-Muqtafi successfully defends Baghdad against the coalition forces of Sultan Muhammad of Hamadan, and Atabeg Qutb-adin of Mosul.^[1]
• Albert I of Brandenburg begins his ruthless program to pacify the Slavic region.^[2]
• June 11 – Albert I of Brandenburg, also called The Bear (Ger: Albrecht der Bär), becomes the founder of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, Germany and the first Margrave.^[3]
• July – Henry II launches a campaign against Owain Gwynedd in north Wales.^[4] Although Owain defeats him at the Battle of Ewloe^[5] he eventually submits to Henry and pays homage.^[6]
• August 12 – The 1157 Hama earthquake takes place after a year of foreshocks. Its name is taken from the city of Hama, in west-central Syria (then under Seljuk rule), where the most casualties are sustained.^[7]
• August 21 – Sancho III and Ferdinand II, the sons of King Alfonso VII of Castile, divide his kingdom between them upon his death.^[8]
• October 23 – Battle of Grathe Heath: A civil war in Denmark ends with the death of King Sweyn III. Valdemar I of Denmark becomes king of all Denmark, and restores and rebuilds the country.^[9]
• Henry II of England grants special trading privileges to the Hansa merchants of Cologne in London who lend him money at interest.^[10]
• Henry II of England grants a charter to the merchants of Lincoln (approximate date).^[11]
• Nur ad-Din Zengi besieges the Knights Hospitaller in the crusader fortress of Banyas, routs a relief army led by King Baldwin III of Jerusalem, and takes Grand Master Bertrand de Blanquefort prisoner.^[12]

Births

• September 8 – King Richard I of England (d. 1199)^[13]
• Alexander Neckham, English scholar, teacher, theologian and abbot of Cirencester Abbey (d. 1217)^[14]
• Leopold V of Austria, Duke of Austria from 1177 and Duke of Styria from 1192 until his death (d. 1194)^[15]
• Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary, Queen of England by marriage to Henry the Young King and queen of Hungary and Croatia by marriage to Béla III of Hungary (d. 1197)^[16]
• Tomoe Gozen, female Samurai warrior and military leader (d. 1247)

Deaths

• January 24 or January 25 – Agnes of Babenberg, Politically active High Duchess consort of Poland (b. 1111)^[17]
• May 8 – Ahmed Sanjar, Great Seljuk Sultan (b. 1084 or 1086)^[18]
• May 15 – Yury Dolgoruky, Russian prince (b. c. 1099)^[19]
• August 21 – King Alfonso VII of Castile (b. 1105)^[20]
• October 23 – King Sweyn III of Denmark (b.c. 1125) (in battle)^[21]
• date unknown – King Eystein II of Norway (b.c. 1125)^[22]

Notes and References

1. Book: Concise History of Islam. Syed. Muzaffar Husain. Akhtar. Syed Saud. Usmani. B. D.. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. 2011. 9789382573470. New Delhi. 56. en.
2. Book: The Making of Medieval History. Loud. Graham A.. Staub. Martial. Boydell & Brewer. 2017. 9781903153703. Suffolk and Rochester, NY. 168. en.
3. Book: Partenheimer, Luiz. https://books.google.com/books?id=nkwrDwAAQBAJ&q=1157+Albert+I+Brandenburg+slavic&pg=PA301. The Origins of the German Principalities, 1100-1350: Essays by German Historians. Taylor & Francis. 2017. 9781317022008. Loud. Graham A.. London and New York. 298–301. en. A Success Story: Brandenburg in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Schenk. Jochen.
4. Book: Amt, Emilie. The Accession of Henry II in England: Royal Government Restored, 1149–1159. 28. Boydell Press. 1993. 0851153488. 2007-12-17.
5. Book: Venning, Timothy. The Kings & Queens of Wales. Amberley Publishing. 2013. 9781445615776. Stroud.
6. Book: Palmer, Alan. Palmer. Veronica. 1992. The Chronology of British History. Century Ltd. London. 0-7126-5616-2.
7. The 12th century seismic paroxysm in the Middle East: a historical perspective. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/793/1/31Ambraseys.pdf . 2022-10-09 . live. Nicholas N.. Ambraseys. Nicolas Ambraseys. 2004. Annals of Geophysics. Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia. 47. 2–3. 733, 738, 745, 750.
8. Book: Reilly, Bernard F.. The Kingdom of León-Castilla Under King Alfonso VII, 1126-1157. University of Pennsylvania Press. 1998. 9780812234527. Philadelphia, PA. 136. en.
9. Book: Kohn, George C.. Dictionary of Wars. Infobase Publishing. 2007. 9781438129167. New York. 154. en. 1986.
10. Book: Williams, Hywel. Cassell's Chronology of World History. London. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 2005. 0-304-35730-8.
11. Book: Holt, Richard. https://books.google.com/books?id=326joXdwiCYC&q=1157+Lincoln+merchants+charter&pg=PA88. The Cambridge Urban History of Britain. Cambridge University Press. 2000. 9780521444613. Palliser. D. M.. 600 - 1540. Cambridge and New York. 88. en. Society and Population 600 - 1300. Clark. Peter. Daunton. Martin J..
12. Book: Fulton, Michael S.. Artillery in the Era of the Crusades: Siege Warfare and the Development of Trebuchet Technology. BRILL. 2018. 9789004376922. History of Warfare. 122. Leiden, Boston. 124. en.
13. Book: Howlett, Richard. Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I. Cambridge University Press. 2012. 9781108052276. 2. Cambridge and New York. xlii. en.
14. Book: Magill, Frank N.. Dictionary of World Biography. Routledge. 2012. 9781136593130. 2: The Middle Ages. London and New York. 663. en. 1998.
15. Book: Loud, G. A.. The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick and Related Texts. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. 2010. 9781472413963. Farnham and Burlington, VT. 35. en.
16. Book: Huffman Jr., Domer J.. Direct Ancestors of Domer J. Huffman, Jr: & D.J.'s Odds & Ends. Dorrance Publishing. 2016. 9781480926899. Pittsburgh, PA. 295. en.
17. Book: Weis, Frederick Lewis. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who Came to America Before 1700: The Lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and Some of Their Descendants. Genealogical Publishing Com. 2002. 9780806313672. Seventh. Baltimore, MD. 129. en. 1950.
18. Book: Bauer, Susan Wise. https://books.google.com/books?id=fJf_PA6jLfcC&q=1157+Ahmed+Sanjar&pg=PA134. The History of the Renaissance World: From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Conquest of Constantinople. W. W. Norton & Company. 2013. 9780393240672. New York. 134. en. Chapter Nineteen: Foreign Relations.
19. Book: Krattli, Edward C.. Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond. ABC-CLIO. 2014. 9781598849486. Dowling. Timothy C.. I: A - M. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford. 250. en.
20. Book: Flood, Timothy M.. https://books.google.com/books?id=Euh3DwAAQBAJ&q=1157+Alfonso+VII+Castille&pg=PA109. Rulers and Realms in Medieval Iberia, 711–1492. McFarland. 2019. 9781476633725. Jefferson, NC. 109. en. Chapter 8. The Division of Leon-Castille and the Decline of the Almohads: 1157 - 1214.
21. Book: Encyclopaedia of Chronology: Historical and Biographical. Woodward. Bernard Bolingbroke. Cates. William Leist Readwin. Lee and Shepard. 1872. London. 418. en.
22. Book: Kings, Rulers, and Statesmen. Wise. Leonard F.. Hansen. Mark Hillary. Egan. E. W.. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.. 2005. 9781402725920. New York. 218. en. 1967.