1139 Explained

Year 1139 (MCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By region

Asia

• July 8 or August 21  - Jin–Song Wars  - Battle of Yancheng: Song Dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin Dynasty general Wuzhu.^[1]
• September 30  - A magnitude 7.7 earthquake strikes the Caucasus mountains in the Seljuk Empire, causing great devastation and killing 300,000 people.^[2]

Europe

• January 25  - Godfrey II, Count of Louvain becomes Duke of Lower Lorraine.^{[3] [4] [5]}
• April 8  - Second Council of the Lateran: Roger II of Sicily is excommunicated by Pope Innocent II.^{[6] [7]}
• April 9  - The Treaty of Durham is signed, between King Stephen of England and David I of Scotland.^{[8] [9] [10]}
• July 22  - Pope Innocent II, invading the Kingdom of Sicily, is ambushed at Galluccio and taken prisoner.^{[11] [12]}
• July 25
  • By the Treaty of Mignano, Pope Innocent II proclaims Roger II of Sicily as King of Sicily, Duke of Apulia and Prince of Capua.^{[13] [14] [15]}
  • Battle of Ourique: The independence of Portugal from the Kingdom of León is declared after the Almoravids, led by Ali ibn Yusuf, are defeated by Prince Afonso Henriques. He then becomes Afonso I, King of Portugal, after calling the first assembly of the Estates-General of Portugal at Lamego, where he is given the Crown from the Bishop of Bragança, to confirm the independence.^{[16] [17]}

By topic

Education

• King's School, Pontefract, in England is founded.

Religion

• April  - Second Council of the Lateran: The Anacletus schism is settled, and priestly celibacy is made mandatory within the Catholic Church.^{[18] [19] [20]}
• November  - Alberic of Ostia, papal legate to Outremer, convenes a legatine council in the cathedral of Antioch to examine the conduct of the Latin patriarch. The council is also attended by the Armenian Catholicos Gregory III and marks a symbolic beginning for Armenian-Latin ecclesiastic high-level contacts.^{[21] [22]}

Births

• June 16  - Emperor Konoe of Japan (d. 1155)^{[23] [24]}
• Agnes II  - abbess and artist (d. 1203)
• Conon of Naso, Basilian abbot (d. 1236)^[25]

Deaths

• January 25  - Godfrey I, Count of Louvain and Duke of Lower Lorraine (as Godfrey VI)^{[26] [27] [28]}
• February 18  - Prince Yaropolk II of Kiev (b. 1082)^{[29] [30]}
• October 20  - Henry X, Duke of Bavaria^{[31] [32]}
• December  - Roger of Salisbury, English bishop^{[33] [34] [35]}
• Empress Xing of China (b. 1106)^[36]

Notes and References

1. Book: Yong, Tong. https://books.google.com/books?id=jhPyvsdymU8C&q=1139+Battle+of+Yancheng&pg=PA510. China at War: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. 2012. 9781598844153. Li. Xiaobing. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford. 510–511. en. Yancheng, Battle Of (1139).
2. Web site: Ulomov . V.I. . Medvedeva . N.S. . Специализированный каталог землетрясений для задач общего сейсмического районирования территории Российской Федерации . Specialized catalog of earthquakes for the purpose of general seismic zoning of the territory of the Russian Federation. 2014 . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://seismos-u.ifz.ru/documents/Eartquake-Catalog-%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%97.pdf . 2022-10-09 . live . O.Y. Smidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences.
3. Book: Bijsterveld, Arnoud-Jan. Do Ut Des: Gift Giving, Memoria, and Conflict Management in the Medieval Low Countries. Uitgeverij Verloren. 2007. 9789065509581. Hilversum, Netherlands. 112. en.
4. Book: Avonds, Piet. https://books.google.com/books?id=PzorDwAAQBAJ&q=1139+Godfrey+II+Brabant&pg=PA72. Routledge Revivals: Medieval Germany (2001): An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. 2016. 9781351665407. Jeep. John M.. New York and London. 72. en. Brabant, Duchy of. 2001.
5. Book: Boffa, Sergio. Warfare in Medieval Brabant, 1356-1406. Boydell & Brewer. 2004. 9781843830610. Woodbridge, UK. xxvii. en.
6. Book: Gillespie, Alexander. https://books.google.com/books?id=xY5RDQAAQBAJ&q=1139+Roger+II+of+Sicily&pg=PA56. The Causes of War. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2016. 9781782259541. Oxford and Portland, OR. 56–57. en. Volume II: 1000 CE to 1400 CE.
7. Book: Houben, Hubert. Roger II of Sicily: A Ruler Between East and West. Cambridge University Press. 2002. 9780521655736. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge and New York. 70–71. en.
8. Book: White, Graeme J.. Restoration and Reform, 1153–1165: Recovery from Civil War in England. Cambridge University Press. 2000. 9781139425230. Cambridge and New York. 50. en.
9. Book: Crouch, David. The Reign of King Stephen: 1135-1154. Routledge. 2013. 9781317892977. London and New York. 323. en. 2000.
10. Book: Dalton, Paul. Conquest, Anarchy and Lordship: Yorkshire, 1066-1154. Cambridge University Press. 2002. 9780521524643. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought. Cambridge and New York. 196. en. 1994.
11. Book: Evans, G. R.. Bernard of Clairvaux. Oxford University Press. 2000. 9780198028994. New York and Oxford. 15. en.
12. Book: Stroll, Mary. The Jewish Pope: Ideology and Politics in the Papal Schism of 1130. BRILL. 1987. 9789004246577. Brill Studies in Intellectual History. 8. Leiden, New York, Copenhagen and Cologne. 80. en.
13. Book: Birk, Joshua C.. Norman Kings of Sicily and the Rise of the Anti-Islamic Critique: Baptized Sultans. Springer. 2016. 9783319470429. New York. 122. en.
14. Book: Takayama, Hiroshi. The Administration of the Norman Kingdom of Sicily. BRILL. 1993. 9789004098657. The Medieval Mediterranean. Leiden, Boston and Köln. 64. en.
15. Book: Thierry, Augustin. History of the Conquest of England by the Normans: Its Causes, and Its Consequences, in England, Scotland, Ireland, and on the Continent. Cambridge University Press. 2011. 9781108030243. Cambridge Library Collection. 2. Cambridge and New York. 203. en.
16. Solé. Glória. Reis. Diana. Machado. Andreia. Autumn 2016. The Potentialities Of Using Historical Fiction And Legends In History Teaching: A Study With Primary Education Portuguese Students. History Education Research Journal. 14. 1. 143. 10.18546/HERJ.14.1.11. July 28, 2024 . The second fictional narrative, Legend Of Ourique Miracle, Gentil Marques’ version (1997), focuses on the Battle of Ourique, 1139, which was fought between Christians and Moors in the Alentejo (South of Portugal), during the Christian reconquest process. D. Afonso Henriques had planned to conquer land in the south of Portugal and also seize cattle, slaves and other booty. Despite being out numbered by Muslim forces, according to legend, the Portuguese were able in the battle, with God’s help, to capture five Moorish kings and their troops. After this resounding victory D. Afonso Henriques proclaimed himself King of Portugal (or was acclaimed by his troops still on the battlefield). Accordingly from 1140 he used the denomination Portugallensis Rex (King of Portucalian or King of the Portuguese)..
17. Book: A Handbook for Travellers in Portugal: A Complete Guide for Lisbon, Cintra, Mafra, Evora, the British Battle-fields, Santarem, Alcobaça, Batalha, Coimbra, Busaco, Oporto, Braga, Guimarães, the Caldas and Mountain-passes, &c. John Murray. 1875. London, Paris and Lisbon. 54–55. en.
18. Book: Lea, Henry Charles. An Historical Sketch of Sacerdotal Celibacy in the Christian Church. 1139 Lateran Celibacy.. J.B. Lippincott. 1867. Philadelphia, PA. 328–329. en.
19. Book: Dusil, Stephan. https://books.google.com/books?id=yvh5DwAAQBAJ&q=1139+Lateran+Council&pg=PA140. The Use of Canon Law in Ecclesiastical Administration, 1000–1234. BRILL. 2018. 9789004387249. Eichbauer. Melodie H.. Leiden and Boston. 140. en. Chapter 7: The Emerging Jurisprudence, the Second Lateran Council of 1139 and the Development of Canonical Impediments. Summerlin. Danica.
20. Book: A Dictionary of Popes. Kelly. John Norman Davidson. Walsh. Michael J.. Oxford University Press. 2010. 9780199295814. Oxford and New York. 169. en. 1986.
21. Book: Runciman . Steven . A History of the Crusades . 3 December 1987 . CUP Archive . 978-0-521-34771-6 . 221 . 20 February 2024 . en.
22. Book: Clapp . James A. . Dadoyan . Seta B. . The Armenians in the Medieval Islamic World: Armenian Realpolitik in the Islamic World and Diverging Paradigmscase of Cilicia Eleventh to Fourteenth Centuries . 8 September 2017 . Routledge . 978-1-351-48576-0 . 218 . 23 February 2024 . en.
23. Book: 愚管抄: A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219. Jien. Brown. Delmer Myers. Ishida. Ichirō. University of California Press. 1979. 9780520034600. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London. 324. en.
24. Book: Songs to Make the Dust Dance: The Ryōjin Hishō of Twelfth-century Japan. Kwon. Yung-Hee K.. Kim. Yung-Hee. University of California Press. 1994. 9780520080669. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London. 160. en.
25. Book: Caporale, Gaetano . Il martirio e culto dei santi Conone e figlio protettori della città di Acerra . 1885 . Tip. del Lampo . 63 . it.
26. Book: Land and Ancestors: Cultural Dynamics in the Urnfield Period and the Middle Ages in the Southern Netherlands. Theuws. Frans. Roymans. Nico. Amsterdam University Press. 1999. 9789053562789. Amsterdam. 331. en.
27. Book: Encyclopaedia of Chronology: Historical and Biographical. Woodward. Bernard Bolingbroke. Cates. William Leist Readwin. Lee and Shepard. 1872. London. 875. en.
28. Van. K. Dijck-Mulier. 1992. [The tomb monuments of the Dukes of Brabant (12th-14th century)]. Verhandelingen - Koninklijke Academie voor Geneeskunde van Belgie. 54. 5. 395–412. 0302-6469. 1288029.
29. Dimnik. M.. 2011. The dynastic rivalry for Kursk (1054 to the 1150s). Сіверщина в історії України. en. 4. 94. 2218-4805. On 18 February 1139 Yaropolk Vladimirovich died in Kiev and was succeeded by his brother Vyacheslav.
30. Martin. Janet. 2006. Calculating Seniority and the Contests for Succession in Kievan Rus'. Russian History. 33. 2/4. 267–281. 0094-288X. After Monomakh's death, his sons, Mstislav (1125-1132) and Iaropolk (1132-1139), held the throne. 24664444. 10.1163/187633106X00168.
31. Book: Barber, Malcolm. The Two Cities: Medieval Europe 1050–1320. Routledge. 2004. 9781134687503. Second. London and New York. 506. en.
32. Book: Leyser, Karl. Medieval German and Its Neighbours, 900-1250. A&C Black. 1982. 9780907628088. London. 282. en.
33. Stalley. R. A.. 2017-09-20. A Twelfth-Century Patron of Architecture. Journal of the British Archaeological Association. 34. 62–83. en. 10.1080/00681288.1971.11894910.
34. Book: Crosby, E.. The King's Bishops: The Politics of Patronage in England and Normandy, 1066–1216. Springer. 2013. 9781137352125. The New Middle Ages. New York. en.
35. Book: Davis, R. H. C.. From Alfred the Great to Stephen. A&C Black. 1991. 9781852850456. London and Rio Grande. 251. en.
36. Book: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Tang Through Ming, 618-1644. Lee. Lily Xiao Hong. Wiles. Sue. M.E. Sharpe. 2014. 9780765643162. Armonk, NY and London. 450. en.