1090s in England explained

Other decades
		1090s		1110s

Events from the 1090s in England.

Incumbents

• Monarch – William II

Events

• 1090
  • After buying the allegiance of several local barons, King William II takes control of eastern Normandy.
• 1091
  • 2 February – William II invades western Normandy.
  • July – Malcolm III of Scotland invades England reaching as far as Durham.^[1]
  • 23 October – London Tornado of 1091: A T8/F4 tornado is recorded in London, which destroys London Bridge and badly damages St Mary-le-Bow church.
  • Treaty of Caen signed by King William II of England and his brother Robert II, Duke of Normandy, dividing Normandy between them.
  • William and Robert jointly invade Scotland. King Malcolm III submits.
• 1092
  • May – William II annexes Cumbria from the Scottish Celtic kingdom of Strathclyde and builds Carlisle Castle.^[2]
  • 9 May – Lincoln Cathedral consecrated (made sacred).^[3]
  • 18 October – Walcher of Malvern correctly predicts the time of a lunar eclipse.
  • High tides cause great flooding in Britain.
• 1093
  • 6 March – Frankish monk, philosopher and theologian Anselm is nominated as Archbishop of Canterbury;^[1] he is consecrated on 4 December.
  • 8 April – the new Winchester Cathedral, constructed by Bishop Walkelin, becomes operational.
  • 11 August – construction of Durham Cathedral begins.^[1]
  • 13 November – King Malcolm III of Scotland is killed at the Battle of Alnwick during an attempted invasion of England.
  • Durham Priory re-establishes a monastic house on the Holy Island of Lindisfarne.^[4]
  • Normans occupy southern Wales, constructing Cardiff and Pembroke Castles.
• 1094
  • February – William II and Anselm quarrel about investiture and the overlordship of Church lands.
  • 19 March – William II unsuccessfully invades Normandy.
  • Welsh expel the Marcher Lords and destroy all Norman strongholds in Wales, except Pembroke Castle.
• 1095
  • January – Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland, rebels. William II captures Newcastle upon Tyne and Bamburgh, ending the revolt.
  • 25 February – a council at Rockingham is held to resolve the dispute between Anselm and William II, but fails to do so.^[5]
  • May – Papal legate forces a reconciliation between William II and Anselm.
• 1096
  • Teaching at what will become the University of Oxford is recorded.^[1]
  • King William II takes control of the Duchy of Normandy while his brother Robert II, Duke of Normandy is on the First Crusade.^[1]
  • Construction of Norwich Cathedral begun. Herbert de Losinga, first Bishop of Norwich, establishes a Benedictine priory at Norwich and, shortly afterwards, an episcopal grammar school, Norwich School.
• 1097
  • October – Edgar Ætheling overthrows Donald III of Scotland and places his nephew Edgar on the Scottish throne.^[5]
  • 8 November – Anselm leaves England following disagreements with William II.^[1]
  • Construction of Westminster Hall.
• 1098
  • June or July – in the Battle of Anglesey Sound, a fleet led by Magnus Barefoot, King of Norway, reverses an Anglo-Norman invasion of north Wales.^[6]
• 1099
  • 11 November – flooding of Mount's Bay, Cornwall.^[7]

Births

• 1095
  • Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk (died 1177)
• 1096
  • King Stephen of England (died 1154)

Deaths

• 1092
  • 7 May – Remigius de Fécamp, Bishop of Lincoln
• 1094
  • 21 November – Simeon, Abbot of Ely (born c. 994)
• 1095
  • 19 January – Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester (born 1008)
  • 26 June – Robert the Lotharingian, Bishop of Hereford
• 1096
  • 2 January – William de St-Calais, Bishop of Durham and counsellor of William II
• 1097
  • January/February – Odo, Earl of Kent (born c. 1030s in Normandy; died on First Crusade)
  • c. 1097/8 – Baldwin, Abbot of Bury St Edmunds and royal doctor
• 1098
  • 3 January – Walkelin, Bishop of Winchester
• 1099
  • 3 December – Saint Osmund, Bishop of Salisbury and Lord Chancellor

Notes and References

1. Web site: Norman Britain. British History Timeline. BBC. 2007-12-21.
2. Web site: Carlisle Castle . . 2007-12-21 .
3. Web site: Lincoln Cathedral website . 2007-12-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080110200058/http://www.lincolncathedral.com/ . 10 January 2008 . live .
4. .
5. Book: Williams, Hywel. Cassell's Chronology of World History. registration. London. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 2005. 0-304-35730-8. 114–116.
6. Book: Palmer, Alan. Palmer. Veronica. 1992. The Chronology of British History. Century Ltd. London. 56–58. 0-7126-5616-2.
7. Book: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 1923. 180.