1090 Explained

Year 1090 (MXC) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe

• A third Almoravid expedition is launched in Al-Andalus, designed to finally subdue the Taifa's Kingdoms. The cities of Córdoba, Seville, Granada, Málaga, Almería and Ronda fall to the troops of Sultan Yusuf ibn Tashfin.^[1]
• King Stephen II of Croatia becomes involved in an open conflict between factions of the Croatian nobility, who reassert their traditional rights in their own counties.

Seljuk Empire

• Hassan-i Sabbah founds the Nizari Ismaili state after taking control of the Alamut Castle and organising the military group called the Order of Assassins.^[2]

Africa

• Béjaïa (or Bugia) becomes the capital of the Hammadid dynasty in modern-day Algeria. It becomes an important port and centre of culture.

By topic

Arts and Culture

• Troubadours begin playing in western Aquitaine (Poitou and Saintonge) and Gascony (approximate date).

Science and Technology

• Qin Guan, Chinese poet of the Song dynasty, writes the Can Shu (Book of Sericulture), which describes a silk-reeling machine that has the world's oldest known mechanical belt drive.

Births

• January 17  - Qin Hui, Chinese chancellor (d. 1155)
• unknown dates
  • Frederick II ("the One-Eyed"), German nobleman (d. 1147)^[3]
  • Dōin (Fujiwara no Atsuyori), Japanese waka poet (d. 1179)^[4]
• probable
  • Adolf III, German count of Berg and Hövel (d. 1152)
  • Agnes I, German abbess of Quedlinburg (approximate date)
  • Alaungsithu, Burmese king of the Pagan dynasty (d. 1167)
  • Arnold of Brescia, Italian canon regular (approximate date)
  • Bernard of Clairvaux, French abbot and theologian (d. 1153)
  • Chen Yuyi, Chinese politician of the Song dynasty (d. 1138)
  • Eliezer ben Nathan, German rabbi and liturgical poet (d. 1170)
  • Eric II ("the Memorable"), king of Denmark (approximate date)
  • Fujiwara no Akisuke, Japanese nobleman and poet (d. 1155)
  • Juliane de Fontevrault, illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England
  • Conrad I, Duke of Zähringen, German nobleman and rector of Burgundy (d. 1152)
  • Niklot (or Nyklot), Obotrite prince and tribal chief (d. 1160)
  • Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester, illegitimate son of King Henry I of England
  • Theobald II, Count of Champagne ("the Great"), French nobleman
    • • Theobald of Bec, Norman churchman, archbishop of Canterbury William de Mohun, 1st Earl of Somerset, Anglo-Norman nobleman

Deaths

• March 22  - García II, king of Galicia and Portugal (b. 1042)
• April 16  - Sikelgaita, Lombard duchess of Apulia (b. 1040)
• May 3  - Adelaide of Rheinfelden, queen consort of Hungary^[5]
• May 12  - Liutold of Eppenstein, German nobleman
• May 18  - Berthold of Rheinfelden, German nobleman
• June 26  - Jaromír, Bohemian prince and bishop
• July 3  - Egbert II (or Ekbert), German nobleman
• August 11  - Fujiwara no Atsuie, Japanese nobleman (b. 1033)^[6]
• August 13  - Constance of Normandy, duchess of Brittany
• unknown dates
  • Abd al-Jalil ibn Wahbun, Moorish poet and writer
  • Fayun Faxiu, Chinese Chan Buddhist monk (b. 1027)
  • Richard fitz Gilbert, Norman nobleman (b. c.10350
  • Guo Xi, Chinese landscape painter^[7]
  • St Isaiah of Rostov, Kievan missionary and bishop^[8]
  • Raynald I, French Benedictine abbot (b. 1059)
  • William of Poitiers, French priest and chronicler (b. c.1020)
• probable
  • Osbern of Canterbury, English hagiographer

Notes and References

1. Gilbert Meynier (2010). L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte; p. 83.
2. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 96–97. .
3. Book: John B. Freed. Frederick Barbarossa: The Prince and the Myth. 1 January 2016. Yale University Press. 978-0-300-12276-3. 19.
4. McMillan, Peter. 2010 (1st ed. 2008). One Hundred Poets, One Poem Each. New York: Columbia University Press. Page 146
5. Book: Eleventh-century Germany: The Swabian chronicles. 1 January 2013. Manchester University Press. 978-1-5261-1282-8. 299.
6. Book: Kanō, higefumi . Shigefumi Kanō . Fujiwara no Atsuie . ja:藤原敦家 . 267 . . ja:日本古典文学大辞典 . Japanese . 1983 . 5 . Tokyo . . 11917421.
7. Barnhart, R. M. et al. (1997). Three thousand years of Chinese painting. New Haven, Yale University Press. Page 372
8. Book: Alban Butler. Paul Burns. Butler's Lives of the Saints. 1 January 1997. A&C Black. 978-0-86012-254-8. 84.