1045 Explained

Year 1045 (MXLV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

• January 20  - Pope Sylvester III becomes the 146th pope, succeeding Benedict IX, who abdicated during the previous year.^[1]
• January 23  - Edward the Confessor, King of England, marries Edith of Wessex (daughter of Earl Godwin) and she is crowned queen consort at Winchester.^[2] This year also in England, Edward begins construction of Westminster Abbey.^[3]
• February  - Pope Sylvester III is deposed (election deemed invalid); Pope Benedict IX is elected once more, becoming the 147th pope.
• February 5  - Emperor Go-Reizei ascends the throne of Japan.^[4]
• May 5  - Pope Gregory VI becomes the 148th pope, following the resignation of Pope Benedict IX in exchange for money. There are growing allegations that simony is taking place during Gregory VI's reign.^[5]
• Movable type printing is invented by Bi Sheng in China.^[6]
• The Qingli Reforms, put forth by the Chinese statesman Fan Zhongyan in 1043,^[7] are halted by their conservative ministerial peers, but will later influence reform efforts under Wang Anshi.^[8]
• The Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia is surrendered to the Eastern Roman Empire, ending the Kingdom.

Births

• Huang Tingjian, famous Chinese calligrapher, painter and poet (d. 1105)^[9]
• Approximate date
  • Margaret, queen consort of Scotland (d. 1093)^[10]
  • Robert of Arbrissel (d. 1116), Bretonic preacher and founder of Fontevraud Abbey^[11]
  • Stephen, Count of Blois (d. 1102)^[12]

Deaths

• February 7  - Emperor Go-Suzaku of Japan (b. 1009)^[13]
• May 27  - Bruno of Würzburg, imperial chancellor of Italy (b. c. 1005)^[14]
• June 27  - Hemma of Gurk, Austrian religious founder and countess (b. 980)^[15]
• Radbot, Count of Habsburg (b. 985)^[16]
• Approximate date  - Maria Skleraina, Byzantine Imperial political adviser

Notes and References

1. Web site: Sylvester III - pope or antipope . Encyclopedia Britannica . 30 May 2018 . en.
2. Web site: Edward the Confessor . BBC - History . 30 May 2018.
3. Web site: Westminster Abbey. www.westendatwar.org.uk . 30 May 2018.
4. Book: Adolphson . Mikael S. . The Gates of Power: Monks, Courtiers, and Warriors in Premodern Japan . 2000 . University of Hawaii Press . 9780824823344 . 77 . en.
5. Web site: Gregory VI - pope . Encyclopedia Britannica . 30 May 2018 . en.
6. Web site: No. 894: Inventing Printing . www.uh.edu . 30 May 2018.
7. Book: Ebrey . Patricia Buckley . Smith . Paul Jakov . State Power in China, 900-1325 . 2016 . University of Washington Press . 9780295998480 . 192 . en.
8. Book: Ebrey . Patricia Buckley . Smith . Paul Jakov . State Power in China, 900-1325 . 2016 . University of Washington Press . 9780295998480 . 172 . en.
9. Book: Fu . Shen . Oxford Art Online . Huang Tingjian . Oxford University Press . 30 May 2018 . en . 10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t039229 . 2003 . 9781884446054 .
10. Web site: 5 forgotten queens and princesses of Scotland . www.scotsman.com . 4 May 2022 . en.
11. Book: Müller . Annalena . From the Cloister to the State: Fontevraud and the Making of Bourbon France, 1642-1100 . 2021 . Routledge . 9781000436297 . 39. 6 March 2023.
12. Book: Westfahl . Gary . A Day in a Working Life: 300 Trades and Professions through History [3 volumes]

    300 Trades and Professions through History ]

    . 2015 . ABC-CLIO . 9781610694032 . 597 . en.
13. Web site: Gosuzaku, Emperor of Japan, 1009-1045 . id.loc.gov . 30 May 2018.
14. Web site: Bruno Saint, Bishop of Würzburg approximately 1005-1045 . Worldcat . 30 May 2018.
15. Web site: Hemma of Gurk, Saint approximately 980-approximately 1045 . Worldcat . 30 May 2018.
16. Book: Leeson . R. . Hayek: A Collaborative Biography: Part II, Austria, America and the Rise of Hitler, 1899-1933 . 2014 . Springer . 9781137325099 . 1 . en.