1-Hydroxypyrene Explained

1-Hydroxypyrene is a human metabolite. It can be found in urine of outdoor workers exposed to air pollution.^[1]

Biochemistry

Experiments in pig show that urinary 1-hydroxypyrene is a metabolite of pyrene, when given orally.^[2]

A Mycobacterium sp. strain isolated from mangrove sediments produced 1-hydroxypyrene during the degradation of pyrene.^[3]

Relationship with smoking

Highly significant differences and dose-response relationships with regard to cigarettes smoked per day were found for 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene and 1-hydroxypyrene, but not for 1-hydroxyphenanthrene.^[4]

Notes and References

1. 10.1038/jes.2012.111. 23299300. Is urinary 1-hydroxypyrene a valid biomarker for exposure to air pollution in outdoor workers? A meta-analysis. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. 24. 1. 17–26. 2013. Ciarrocca. Manuela. Rosati. Maria Valeria. Tomei. Francesco. Capozzella. Assuntina. Andreozzi. Giorgia. Tomei. Gianfranco. Bacaloni. Alessandro. Casale. Teodorico. Andrè. Jean Claude. Fioravanti. Mario. Cuartas. Maria Fernanda. Caciari. Tiziana. free.
2. 10.3109/00498258309052279. 6659544. Identification of 1-hydroxypyrene as a major metabolite of pyrene in pig urine. Xenobiotica. 13. 7. 415–20. 2009. Keimig. S. D. Kirby. K. W. Morgan. D. P. Keiser. J. E. Hubert. T. D.
3. 17089707. 2006. Zhong. Y. Metabolite production in degradation of pyrene alone or in a mixture with another polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by Mycobacterium sp. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 25. 11. 2853–9. Luan. T. Zhou. H. Lan. C. Tam. N. F. 10.1897/06-042R.1. 23874147.
4. 10.1007/s004200000215. 11355291. Urinary monohydroxylated phenanthrenes and hydroxypyrene - the effects of smoking habits and changes induced by smoking on monooxygenase-mediated metabolism. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. 74. 3. 177–83. 2001. Heudorf. U. Angerer. J. 2001IAOEH..74..177H. 27836084.