Disperse dye explained

Disperse dye is a category of synthetic dye intended for polyester and related hydrophobic fibers. Disperse dyes are polar molecules containing anthraquinone or azo groups. It is estimated that 85% of disperse dyes are azos or anthraquinone dyes.^[1]

History

The history of disperse dye production is closely related to the synthesis of cellulose acetate fibres. Disperse dyes were invented in 1923-24.^[2]

Fundamentals of dyeing

Disperse dyes are non-ionic in nature and partially soluble in water. The interaction of dye molecule and polymer takes place with Van der Waals and dipole forces.^[3] Disperse dyes have better diffusion at boiling to a higher temperature.^[4]

Examples

• Disperse Blue dyes, especially 106 and 124, are common causes of contact allergy.^[5]
• Disperse Orange 1 is an azo dye.
• Disperse Red 9 is a red dye derived from anthraquinone.
• Disperse Red 11, also called C.I. 62015 and 1,4-diamino-2-methoxy anthraquinone, is another anthraquinone dye.
• Disperse Red 60 is also an anthraquinone dye.
• Disperse Yellow 26 is a yellow disperse dye.
• Disperse Yellow 42 is prepared by the reaction of two equivalents of aniline with 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Dyeing Polyester with Disperse Dye.
2. Book: Clark, M.. Handbook of Textile and Industrial Dyeing: Principles, Processes and Types of Dyes. 2011-10-25. Elsevier. 978-0-85709-397-4. 366. en.
3. Web site: Disperse Dye - an overview ScienceDirect Topics. 2020-12-28. www.sciencedirect.com.
4. Book: Lewin. Menachem. Handbook of Fiber Chemistry, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded. Pearce. Eli M.. 1998-02-26. CRC Press. 978-0-8247-9471-2. 53. en.
5. Malinauskiene . Laura . Bruze . Magnus . Ryberg . Kristina . Zimerson . Erik . Isaksson . Marléne . February 2013 . Contact allergy from disperse dyes in textiles: a review . Contact Dermatitis . 68 . 2 . 65–75 . 10.1111/cod.12001 . 1600-0536 . 23289879.