1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate explained

1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN), also called butanetriol trinitrate, is an important military propellant. It is a colorless to brown explosive liquid.[1]

BTTN is used as a propellant in virtually all single-stage missiles used by the United States, including the Hellfire.[2] It is less volatile, less sensitive to shock, and more thermally stable than nitroglycerine,[3] for which it is a promising replacement.[4]

BTTN as a propellant is often used in a mixture with nitroglycerin. The mixture can be made by co-nitration of butanetriol and glycerol.[5] BTTN is also used as a plasticizer in some nitrocellulose-based propellants.[6]

BTTN is manufactured by nitration of 1,2,4-butanetriol.[7] Biotechnological manufacture of butanetriol is under intensive research.[8]

References

  1. Book: Pisacane, Frank J.. 1,2,4-Butanetriol: Analysis and Synthesis. 1982. PN.
  2. News: Bacteria help make missile fuel. 2004-02-02. 2018-11-02.
  3. Book: Varghese, T. L.. The Chemistry and Technology of Solid Rocket Propellants (A Treatise on Solid Propellants). Krishnamurthy. V. N.. 2017-01-03. Allied Publishers. 978-93-85926-33-4. 187.
  4. D.. Bhowmik. V.S.. Sadavarte. Pande. S.M.. Saraswat. B.S.. 2015. An Energetic Binder for the Formulation of Advanced Solid Rocket Propellants. Central European Journal of Energetic Materials. 12. 1. 147.
  5. Web site: Farncomb. Robert E.. Carr. Walter A.. 1987-07-06. Patent application: Co-Nitration of 1,2,4-Butanetriol and Glycerin . https://web.archive.org/web/20220601060916/http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADD013053. dead. June 1, 2022.
  6. Book: Sutton, George P.. Rocket Propulsion Elements. Biblarz. Oscar. 2016-11-30. John Wiley & Sons. 978-1-118-75391-0.
  7. Gouranlou. Farideh. Kohsary. Iraj. 2010-06-01. Synthesis and Characterization of 1,2,4-Butanetrioltrinitrate. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 22. 4221–4228.
  8. Cao. Yujin. Niu. Wei. Guo. Jiantao. Xian. Mo. Liu. Huizhou. 2015-12-16. Biotechnological production of 1,2,4-butanetriol: An efficient process to synthesize energetic material precursor from renewable biomass. Scientific Reports. 5. 1. 18149. 10.1038/srep18149. 26670289. 2045-2322. 4680960. 2015NatSR...518149C.

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