1,6-Hexanediol Explained

1,6-Hexanediol is an organic compound with the formula (CH₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂. It is a colorless water-soluble solid.

Production

1,6-Hexanediol is prepared by the hydrogenation of adipic acid or its esters.^[1] Laboratory preparation could be achieved by reduction of adipates with lithium aluminium hydride, although this method is impractical on a commercial scale.

Properties

As 1,6-hexanediol contains hydroxyl groups, it undergoes the typical chemical reactions of alcohols such as dehydration, substitution, esterification. Oxidation with pyridinium chlorochromate gives adipaldehyde.^[2]

Dehydration of 1,6-hexanediol gives oxepane, 2-methyltetrahydropyran and 2-ethyltetrahydrofuran. Corresponding thiophene and pyrrolidone can be made by reacting 1,6-hexanediol with hydrogen sulfide and ammonia respectively.^[3]

Uses

1,6-Hexanediol is widely used for industrial polyester and polyurethane production..

1,6-Hexanediol can improve the hardness and flexibility of polyesters as it contains a fairly long hydrocarbon chain. In polyurethanes, it is used as a chain extender, and the resulting modified polyurethane has high resistance to hydrolysis as well as mechanical strength, but with a low glass transition temperature.

It is also an intermediate to acrylics as a crosslinking agent, e.g. hexanediol diacrylate. Unsaturated polyester resins have also been made from 1,6-hexanediol, along with styrene, maleic anhydride and fumaric acid.

Uses to study biomolecular condensates

1,6-Hexanediol has been used to characterize biomolecular condensates. The material properties of condensates can be examined to determine if they are solid or liquid condensates. 1,6-Hexanediol has been reported to interfere with weak hydrophobic protein-protein or protein-RNA interactions that comprise liquid condensates. 1,6-Hexanediol has been reported to dissolve liquid but not solid condensates.^[4] 2,5-Hexanediol and 1,4-butanediol have been observed to have minimal effect on behavior of disorderd proteins as compared to 1,6-hexanediol.^{[5] [6]}

Safety

1,6-Hexanediol^[7] has low toxicity and low flammability, and is generally considered as safe. It is not irritating to skin, but may irritate the respiratory tract or mucous membranes. Dust or vapor of the compound can irritate or damage the eyes.

Notes and References

1. Hexamethylene glycol. W. A. . Lazier. J. W.. Hill. W. J.. Amend. Org. Synth.. 1939. 19. 48. 10.15227/orgsyn.019.0048.
2. 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)75204-x . Pyridinium Chlorochromate. An efficient reagent for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to carbonyl compounds . 1975 . Corey . E.J. . Suggs . J.William . Tetrahedron Letters . 16 . 31 . 2647–2650 .
3. BASF intermediates, BASF
4. Kroschwald . Sonja . Maharana . Shovamayee . Simon . Alberti . 2017-05-22 . Hexanediol: a chemical probe to investigate the material properties of membrane-less compartments . Matters . en . 10.19185/matters.201702000010 . 2297-8240. free .
5. Kato . Masato . McKnight . Steven L. . 2018-06-20 . A Solid-State Conceptualization of Information Transfer from Gene to Message to Protein . Annual Review of Biochemistry . 87 . 351–390 . 10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-044700 . 1545-4509 . 29195049. 28314614 .
6. Franco . Hector L. . Nagari . Anusha . Kraus . W. Lee . 2015-04-02 . TNFα signaling exposes latent estrogen receptor binding sites to alter the breast cancer cell transcriptome . Molecular Cell . 58 . 1 . 21–34 . 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.02.001 . 1097-4164 . 4385449 . 25752574.
7. Web site: Solutions . Navux Commerce . 1,6 Hexanediol (Cas 629-11-8) - Bulk Specialty Chemical Supplier & distributor . 2024-06-27 . www.parchem.com.