| .se | |
| Background: |
|
| Introduced: | 4 September 1986 |
| Type: | Country code top-level domain |
| Status: | Active |
| Sponsor: | The Internet Foundation in Sweden |
| Intendeduse: | Entities connected with Sweden |
| Registereddomains: | 1,466,636 |
| Dateregistereddomains: | 31 March 2024 |
| Refregistereddomains: | [1] |
| Actualuse: | Very popular in Sweden. Also used for domain hacks. |
| Document: | Terms and regulations for registration |
| Disputepolicy: | Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) |
| Dnssec: | yes |
.se, formerly branded as .SE, is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Sweden. It is operated by The Swedish Internet Foundation, but domains must be registered through one of the approved registrars. The Internet Foundation in Sweden is managed on the basis of its charter of foundation and its statutes. The Foundation is managed by a board of directors, whose decisions are executed by the executive management.
Prior to April 2003, the rules governing domains under the .se top domain were highly restrictive. Only companies, associations and authorities registered nationwide were allowed to register a domain, and it had to be very similar to the registered name. Individual products were not eligible for separate second-level domain names, even if they were registered trademarks. (Trademarks could register under tm.se but that was not considered satisfactory. Several companies formed daughter companies named after products to circumvent this rule and protect the trademark.) Individuals could register one (and only one) domain with the suffix .pp.se (pp is an abbreviation for "private person"), and companies and organizations registered in just a single county were eligible for domains with a
The former Second Level Domains were:[3]
| Domain | Use | |
|---|---|---|
| a.se | Stockholm City | |
| b.se | Stockholm County | |
| ac.se | ||
| bd.se | ||
| c.se | Uppsala County | |
| d.se | Södermanland County | |
| e.se | Östergötland County | |
| f.se | Jönköping County | |
| g.se | Kronoberg County | |
| h.se | Kalmar County | |
| i.se | Gotland County | |
| k.se | ||
| l.se | Kristianstad County | |
| m.se | Skåne County | |
| n.se | Halland County | |
| o.se | ||
| p.se | Älvsborg County | |
| r.se | Skaraborg County | |
| s.se | Värmland County | |
| t.se | Örebro County | |
| u.se | Västmanland County | |
| w.se | Dalarna County | |
| x.se | Gävleborg County | |
| y.se | ||
| z.se | Jämtland County | |
| org.se | Non-profit organizations | |
| pp.se | Private persons | |
| tm.se | Trademarks | |
| parti.se | Political parties | |
| press.se | Periodicals |
Since å, ä, ö were not available for technical reasons, organisations could register the name with a and o instead if available, sometimes causing trouble. The Habo and Håbo municipalities had a legal battle about the name habo.se which Håbo won since they registered first. After many years, in 2011, they agreed to make habo.se link to both municipalities' websites. From 2003 Sweden allowed registering å, ä, ö in web addresses.
With the new rules, any entity or person may register any number of domains, subject to few restrictions. Individuals may register whatever .se domain, as long as it is available, not in .SE's Blocked or Reserved list. At the same time, the rules for domain name allocation were changed to the principle of first-come, first-served, and simpler rules for dispute resolution were created.
As of October 2003, .SE started accepting registrations of internationalized domain names, containing the letters å, ä, ö, ü and é. On 6 September 2007, a total of 250 characters became available, supporting names in all of the legally recognized minority languages of Sweden: Finnish, Meänkieli (Tornedalsfinska), Sami, Romani and Yiddish.
Domain names with å, ä, ö have not seen much use, partly since browsers on the user's side must have special support. As of 2013, organisations having å, ä, ö in their name (like Skåne) mainly use domains without these letters (e.g. skane.se), and redirect from their proper name (e.g. skåne.se). Many organisations have however not registered their proper name with å, ä or ö.
There are some second-level TLDs still in use under .se, for example .domstol.se reserved for Swedish courts. These might not be recognized by the NIC as second-level TLDs, though in practice they are.
.se is the first TLD to offer DNSSEC services. It does so using OpenDNSSEC.
The entire .se domain was unavailable for 58 minutes on 12 October 2009, when an error during routine maintenance by .SE corrupted all names in the domain name registry.[4]
Many Swedish domains were reserved for English words that end with "se". As of today, there are practically no such domain names left available on the domain prime market as the result of domain name speculation. Most of them can be bought on the domain secondary market. Only a few domains were developed.