Pantetheine Explained

Pantetheine should not be confused with pantethine.

Pantetheine is the cysteamine amide analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5). The dimer of this compound, pantethine is more commonly known, and is considered to be the most potent form of vitamin B5. Pantetheine is an intermediate in the catabolism of coenzyme A by the body.[1] [2] [3]

Metabolism

Pantetheine is the product of dephosphorylation of phosphopantetheine:

phosphopantetheine → pantetheine + Pi

In E. coli, this reaction is catalyzed by for example alkaline phosphatase.[4] The reverse reaction, phosphopantetheine synthesis, is catalyzed by various kinases:

phosphopantetheine + ATP → pantetheine + ADPThese kinases are able to act upon pantothenoic acid as well and are present in both microorganisms and animal livers.

Pantetheine is degraded by pantetheinase, which splits it into cysteamine and pantothenic acid:

pantetheine → cysteamine + pantothenate

Prebiotic evolution

Since pantetheine is a part of coenzyme A, a common cofactor, it is thought to have been present in prebiotic soup. A synthesis mechanism has also been suggested.[5]

Notes and References

  1. Hoagland MB, Novelli GD . Biosynthesis of coenzyme A from phospho-pantetheine and of pantetheine from pantothenate . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 207 . 2 . 767–773 . April 1954 . 13163064 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)65696-0 . free .
  2. Cronan JE . The chain-flipping mechanism of ACP (acyl carrier protein)-dependent enzymes appears universal . The Biochemical Journal . 460 . 2 . 157–163 . June 2014 . 24825445 . 10.1042/BJ20140239 .
  3. Nitto T, Onodera K . Linkage between coenzyme a metabolism and inflammation: roles of pantetheinase . Journal of Pharmacological Sciences . 123 . 1 . 1–8 . September 2013 . 23978960 . 10.1254/jphs.13R01CP . free .
  4. Jackowski S, Rock CO . Metabolism of 4'-phosphopantetheine in Escherichia coli . Journal of Bacteriology . 158 . 1 . 115–120 . April 1984 . 6370952 . 215387 . 10.1128/jb.158.1.115-120.1984 .
  5. Keefe AD, Newton GL, Miller SL . A possible prebiotic synthesis of pantetheine, a precursor to coenzyme A . Nature . 373 . 6516 . 683–685 . February 1995 . 7854449 . 10.1038/373683a0 . 1995Natur.373..683K . 4255864 .

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