| Xuchang | |
| Other Name: | Hsuchang |
| Native Name: | 许昌市 |
| Native Name Lang: | zh-Hans |
| Settlement Type: | Prefecture-level city |
| Pushpin Map: | China |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in China |
| Pushpin Mapsize: | 225--> |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | People's Republic of China |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Henan |
| Seat Type: | Municipal seat |
| Seat: | Weidu District |
| Area Total Km2: | 4978.36 |
| Area Urban Km2: | 1088.2 |
| Area Metro Km2: | 1724 |
| Elevation M: | 71 |
| Elevation Ft: | 234 |
| Elevation Max M: | 1150.6 |
| Elevation Min M: | 50.4 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 census for total, 2010 otherwise |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Total: | 4379998 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Metro: | 1,952,666 |
| Population Density Metro Km2: | auto |
| Population Urban: | 1,265,536 |
| Population Density Urban Km2: | auto |
| Demographics Type2: | GDP[2] [3] |
| Demographics2 Info1: | CN¥ 237.8 billion US$ 35.8 billion |
| Demographics2 Title2: | Per capita |
| Demographics2 Info2: | CN¥ 54,522 US$ 8,208 |
| Timezone: | China Standard |
| Utc Offset: | +8 |
| Coor Pinpoint: | Xuchang municipal government |
| Coordinates: | 34.037°N 113.852°W |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Area Code: | 374 |
| Iso Code: | CN-HA-10 |
| Blank1 Name: | Major Nationalities |
| Blank1 Info: | Han |
| Blank2 Name: | County-level divisions |
| Blank2 Info: | 6 |
| Blank3 Name: | Township-level divisions |
| Blank4 Name: | License plate prefixes |
| Blank4 Info: | Chinese: {{linktext|豫 |
| T: | 許昌 |
| S: | 许昌 |
| P: | Xǔchāng |
| W: | Hsü3-ch'ang1 |
| Gr: | Sheuchang |
| J: | Heoi2-coeng1 |
| Y: | Héui-chēung |
| Tl: | Khóo-tshiong |
Xuchang (; postal: Hsuchang) is a prefecture-level city in central Henan province in Central China. It is bordered by the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the northwest, Kaifeng to the northeast, Zhoukou to the east, Luohe to the southeast, and Pingdingshan to the southwest.
Its population was 4,307,488 inhabitants at the final 2010 census, of whom 1,952,666 lived in the built-up (or "metro") area made up of Weidu and Jian'an districts (named from Emperor Xian of Han’s era name) and Changge City largely being urbanized.[4] In 2007, the city was named as one of China's top ten livable cities by Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum.[5]
The prefecture-level city of Xuchang administers 2 district, 2 county-level cities and 2 counties.
During the early Zhou dynasty, the Xuchang region was granted to the Xu family (Xǔ (許/许)) of the Jiang surname and became the State of Xu, ruled by Xu Wenshu. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, Xuchang was successively occupied by the states of Zheng and Chu, and the Xu family was later relocated to Ye County by the Chu state.
Xuchang served as the warlord Cao Cao's de facto capital during the late Eastern Han dynasty. After finding the old capital Luoyang ravaged by war, Cao moved the imperial court and Emperor Xian to what is now Xuchang in 196.
In 220, Cao Cao's son and successor Cao Pi officially declared the city as the capital of the newly established state of Cao Wei. The city was renamed "Xuchang" taken to mean "Xu Rising". The Wei emperors held court at Xuchang until the capital was moved to Luoyang in the 220s.
Xuchang ranges in latitude from 33° 16' to 34° 24' N and in longitude from 113° 03' to 114° 190' E.
Xuchang has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), with four distinct seasons. Winters are cool and dry, summers hot and humid, spring begins early and is warm, and autumn is mild and provides a reasonable transition. Rain mainly falls from May to September, as more than 70% of the annual precipitation occurs then. The city has an annual mean temperature of at 14.6°C, and its highest average monthly temperature is 27°C in July and the lowest is 0.7°C in January. Just over of precipitation falls each year, the growing season averages 217 days and there is 2280 hours of sunshine per year.
Xuchang is an important center of the Chinese tobacco industry.
The manufacturing industry the city is best known for is wigs and hair extensions with exports worth about $1 billion in 2016. The industry started around 1900 when German merchants purchased hair from the local area. It was revived in the 1980s and in 1990 a local entrepreneur Zheng Youquan merged a number of smaller hair manufacturing workshops into Rebecca Hair Products, a larger entity that quickly expanded to international markets and became the largest wig maker in the world.[6]
Xuchang University is in the city.
Famous tourist attractions include Baling Bridge and Chunqiu Tower.
On 18 December 2006, the Oromia Region government in Ethiopia signed an agreement with Henan Province to establish a sister city program with Ambo.[7] Bolingbrook, Illinois is also a sister city of Xuchang.