Wuxi Explained

Wuxi
Native Name:无锡市
Native Name Lang:zh-Hans
Other Name:Wusih, Wuhsi
Settlement Type:Prefecture-level city
Motto:Wuxi is full of warmth and water
Image Map1:Wuxi locator map in Jiangsu.svg
Mapsize1:250px
Map Caption1:Location in Jiangsu
Pushpin Map:China Jiangsu#Eastern China#China
Pushpin Mapsize:240
Pushpin Map Caption:Location of the CBD in Jiangsu
Coor Pinpoint:Chengzhong Park (Chinese: 城中公园, CBD)
Coordinates:31.491°N 120.312°W
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:People's Republic of China
Subdivision Type1:Province
Subdivision Name1:Jiangsu
Subdivision Type3:County-level divisions
Subdivision Name3:9
Subdivision Type4:Township-level divisions
Subdivision Name4:73
Seat Type:Municipal seat
Seat:Binhu District
Leader Title:CPC Municipal Secretary
Leader Name:Du XiaoGang
Leader Title1:Acting Mayor
Leader Name1:Zhao JianJun
Area Total Km2:4628
Population Footnotes:[1]
Population Total:7462135
Population As Of:2020 census
Population Density Km2:auto
Population Metro:4396835
Population Density Metro Km2:auto
Population Urban:4396835
Population Density Urban Km2:auto
Population Blank2 Title:Major nationalities
Demographics Type2:GDP[2]
Demographics2 Title1:Prefecture-level city
Demographics2 Info1:CN¥ 1.486 trillion
US$ 209.5 billion
Demographics2 Title2:Per capita
Demographics2 Info2:CN¥ 198,400
US$ 26,831
Timezone:China Standard
Utc Offset:+8
Postal Code Type:Postal code
Postal Code:Urban center: 214000
Other Area: 214200, 214400
Area Code:510
Iso Code:CN-JS-02
Blank Name:License plate prefixes
Blank Info:Chinese: 苏B
Blank3 Name:HDI
Blank3 Info:0.902 -
Blank4 Name:Local Dialect
Blank4 Info:Wu

Wuxi dialect

Order:st
Pic:Wuxi_(Chinese_characters).svg
Piccap:"Wuxi" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
Picupright:0.45
P:PRC Standard Mandarin:
Wúxī
ROC Standard Mandarin:
Wúxí
W:PRC

Wu2-hsi1
ROC: Wu2-hsi2

Mi:PRC


ROC:

Bpmf:PRC

ㄨˊ   ㄒㄧ
ROC: ㄨˊ   ㄒㄧˊ

Gr:PRC

Wushi
ROC: Wushyi

Myr:PRC

Wúsyī
ROC: Wúsyí

Tp:PRC

Wúsi
ROC: Wúsí

Mps:PRC

Wúshī
ROC: Wúshí

J:Mou4sik3
Y:Mòuhsik
Poj:Bû-sek
Showflag:p

Wuxi is a city in southern Jiangsu province, eastern China. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 7,462,135 inhabitants.

Wuxi is located in the south of Jiangsu Province, on the Yangtze River Delta in the south of the Yangtze River and on the shore of Taihu Lake. It has jurisdiction over five municipal districts: Liangxi, Binhu, Xinwu, Huishan, and Xishan, as well as two top 100 county-level cities, Jiangyin City and Yixing City. From a geographical point of view, Wuxi is located in the center of southern Jiangsu and the Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou metropolitan area; it borders the Yangtze River to the north, Taihu Lake to the south, 128.2 kilometers from Shanghai to the east, and borders Zhejiang Province to the south. It has obvious transportation hub advantages and extremely high military strategic value. Wuxi is known as the "Pearl of Taihu Lake" and is a core city in the Yangtze River Delta and the Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou Metropolitan Area. The municipal government is located at No. 1 Jingui Road, Taihu New Town.

Wuxi is the birthplace of Jiangnan civilization and the birthplace of Wu culture. Its recorded history can be traced back to the late Shang dynasty. In 1981, the State Council listed Wuxi as one of the fifteen economic center cities in the country. It was also one of the first 13 larger cities approved by the State Council and enjoyed local legislative power. At the same time, Wuxi is also a famous historical and cultural city in the People's Republic of China. In 1998, it was rated as one of the first batch of outstanding tourist cities by the National Tourism Administration. In March 1983, the city-governed county system was implemented. Wuxi County and Jiangyin County, which were originally in the Suzhou area, and Yixing County, which was originally in the Zhenjiang area, were placed under the jurisdiction of Wuxi City, establishing the structure of Wuxi City as one body and two wings. Wuxi is currently one of the central cities in the Shanghai metropolitan area and the Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou metropolitan area. It is also the cradle of China's national industry and township industry, the birthplace of the southern Jiangsu model, and the location of the Wuxi Joint Logistics Support Center of the joint logistics support force.

Wuxi is an important scenic tourist city in the country and a national historical and cultural city. Within the city, there are Taihu Lake Yuantouzhu, Lingshan Giant Buddha, Nianhua Bay, Wuxi China Television Film and Television Base, Lihu Park, Chong'an Temple, Huishan Ancient Town, Xihui Scenic Area and other scenic spots. Wuxi is known as the cloth wharf, money wharf, kiln wharf, silk capital and rice market. Currently, Wuxi has landmark industries such as the Internet of Things, integrated circuits, and biomedicine; in addition, Wuxi has convenient transportation, with the Beijing-Shanghai Expressway, Shanghai-Nanjing Urban Railway, and Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway passing through it. As of 2024, Wuxi Metro, the urban rail transit system, will operate The mileage is 145 kilometers; there is 4E-class Sunan Shuofang International Airport in the southeast of the city. While achieving economic development achievements, Wuxi is also accompanied by cultural soft power. Many celebrities have emerged from Wuxi, such as Gu Kaizhi, Ni Yunlin, Qian Mu, Qian Zhongshu, etc., as well as ancient and modern celebrities represented by Jichang Garden, Liyuan, Yuantouzhu, etc. Famous gardens are handed down from generation to generation.

Etymology

Despite varied origin stories based on the second Chinese character 锡 of the city's name meaning "tin", many modern Chinese scholars favor the view that the word is derived from the "old Yue language" or, supposedly, the old Kra–Dai languages, rather than reflecting the presence of tin in the area.[3] [4] [5]

History

Clues are to be found at the Meili Museum and the Helv Relics Museum, Wuxi is the ancient capital of Wu State during the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BCE).[6] Taibo and Zhongyong traveled southeast and settled in Wuxi Meili. There, Taibo and his followers set up the State of Wu, and made Wuxi as its founding capital which lasted for 600 years. The history of Wuxi can be traced back to Shang dynasty (1600–1046 BC).[7] The tin industry thrived in the area in ancient times but it was eventually depleted, so that when Wuxi was established in 202 BCE during the Han dynasty, it was named "Wuxi" (the capital of WU state). Administratively, Wuxi became a district of Biling (later Changzhou) and only during the Yuan dynasty (1206–1368) did it become an independent prefecture.[8] Wuxi and Changzhou are considered to be the birthplaces of modern industrialization in China.[9]

Agriculture and the silk industry flourished in Wuxi and the town became a transportation hub under the early Tang dynasty after the opening of the Grand Canal in 609. It became known as one of the biggest markets for rice in China.[8]

The Donglin Academy, originally founded during the Song dynasty (960–1279) was restored in Wuxi in 1604. Not a school, it served as a public forum, advocating a Confucian orthodoxy and ethics. Many of its academicians were retired court officials or officials deposed in the 1590s due to factionalism.[10]

As a populous county, its eastern part was separated and made into Jinkui county in 1724. Both Wuxi and Jinkui were utterly devastated by the Taiping Rebellion, which resulted in nearly 2/3 of their population being killed.[11] The number of "able-bodied males" (ding, Chinese: ) were only 72,053 and 138,008 individuals in 1865, versus 339,549 and 258,934 in 1830.[12]

During the Qing dynasty (1644–1912), cotton and silk production flourished in Wuxi.[13] Trade increased with the opening of ports to Shanghai in 1842, and Zhenjiang and Nanjing in 1858. Wuxi became a center of the textile industry in China. Textile mills were built in 1894 and silk reeling establishments known as "filatures" were built in 1904.[8] Wuxi was remained the regional center for the waterborne transport of grain. The opening of the railways to Shanghai and to the cities of Zhenjiang and Nanjing to the northwest in 1908 further increased the exports of rice from the area.[8] Jinkui xian merged into Wuxi County with the onset of the Republic in 1912.[14] Many agricultural laborers and merchants moved to Shanghai in the late 19th century and early 20th century; some prospered in the new factories.[9] After World War II, Wuxi's importance as an economic center diminished, but it remains a regional manufacturing hub. Tourism has increasingly become important.[8] On April 23, 1949, Wuxi was divided into Wuxi City and Wuxi County, and it became a provincial city in 1953 when Jiangsu Province was founded. In March 1995, several administrative changes were made within Wuxi City and Wuxi County to accommodate for Wuxi New District, with the creation of 19 administrative villages such as Shuofang, Fangqian, Xin'an and Meicun.[7] Jiangnan University was originally founded in 1902, before merging with two other colleges in 2001 to form the modern university.[15]

Administrative divisions

The prefecture-level city of Wuxi administers seven county-level divisions, including 5 districts and 2 county-level cities. The information here presented uses the metric system and data from the 2020 census.

These districts are sub-divided into 73 township-level divisions, including 59 towns and 24 subdistricts.

Map
SubdivisionChineseHanyu PinyinPopulation Area Density
City Proper
Liangxi DistrictChinese: 梁溪区985,465 73.2913,446
Suburban
Xishan DistrictChinese: 锡山区882,387395.92,229
Huishan DistrictChinese: 惠山区893,675321.52,780
Binhu DistrictChinese: 滨湖区915,093620.41,475
Xinwu DistrictChinese: 新吴区720,215209.93,431
Satellite cities (County-level cities)
Jiangyin CityChinese: 江阴市1,779,515 987.41,802
Yixing CityChinese: 宜兴市1,285,7852,010639.7
Total7,462,1354,6181,616
Defunct: Chong'an District, Nanchang District, & Beitang District

Economy

Wuxi has a relatively developed economy since ancient times. In 1895, Yang Zonglian and Yang Zonghan founded the first national capital enterprise, Yeqin Cotton Mill, outside the south gate of Wuxi. Subsequently, many enterprises with textile, silk and grain processing industries as the main body were born and developed rapidly. Wuxi became One of the birthplaces of national industry and commerce.[16] During this process, many "firsts" and "most" in the history of Wuxi's modern industrial development were born; batches of industrial and commercial giants including the Rong family and the Tang family were born, and it also demonstrated the entrepreneurship of Wuxi's national industrial and commercial entrepreneurs.[16] After the reform and opening up, private enterprises in Wuxi developed vigorously on the basis of the southern Jiangsu model represented by township industries. Well-known companies such as "Technology" all transformed during this period. And since July 1993, Taiji Industry was the first private enterprise listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange as a listed company in Jiangsu Province. Over the years, the scale of listed companies from Wuxi has gradually expanded, forming a relatively unique "Wuxi plate", ranking first in Jiangsu Province. First, it plays an increasingly important role in the economic development of the entire Yangtze River Delta.[16] After the reform and opening up, Wuxi has gradually become an important economic center in the east and a very dynamic commercial city with the opportunity brought by the Southern Jiangsu model.[17] At the end of 2013, Wuxi became one of China's "new first-tier cities" selected by "First Financial Weekly" due to its stable comprehensive strength; at the same time, "2013 Best Commercial Cities in Mainland China" released by the Chinese version of "Forbes" Among them, Wuxi ranks fifth, ranking first among prefecture-level cities.[16] In 2022, Wuxi's economic aggregate will hit a new high, and its comprehensive strength will continue to increase. According to preliminary calculations, the annual GDP of Wuxi will be 1,485.082 billion yuan, an increase of 3.0% over the previous year at comparable prices. The per capita GDP in terms of resident population reached 198,400 yuan, ranking second in the country.[16]

In terms of industry, the added value of the city's primary industry was 13.365 billion yuan, an increase of 1.1% over the previous year; the added value of the secondary industry was 717.739 billion yuan, an increase of 3.6% over the previous year; The growth rate of the previous year was 2.4%; the ratio of the three industries was adjusted to 0.9 : 48.3 : 50.8.[18]

A total of 158,100 new jobs were created in cities and towns throughout the year, of which 77,200 laid-off and unemployed people in various cities and towns were reemployed, and 31,200 people who had difficulties in finding jobs were reemployed. The city's urban registered unemployment rate was 2.68%.The added value of the private economy in the whole year was 983.124 billion yuan, an increase of 3.3% over the previous year, accounting for 66.2% of the total economic output, an increase of 0.2 percentage points over the previous year.[18] The output value of privately owned industries above designated size was 1,426.928 billion yuan, an increase of 12.8% over the previous year. Private investment was 240.341 billion yuan, down 3.6% from the previous year.[19]

At the end of the year, 423,300 enterprises of various types were registered by the registration authorities at all levels in the city, including 36,000 state-owned and collective holding companies, 7,000 foreign-invested enterprises, and 380,400 private enterprises. At the end of the year, there were 660,900 self-employed households, and 80,800 newly registered households that year.[20]

The annual urban consumer price index (CPI) rose by 2.1%, an increase of 0.4 percentage points over the previous year. Among them, the price of service items increased by 1.0%, and the price of consumer goods increased by 2.9%. The increase in the price of industrial production was stable. The ex-factory price of industrial producers rose by 1.7% and the purchasing price of industrial producers rose by 3.9%.Since it was established in 1992, Wuxi New District (WND), covering an area of 220km2, has evolved to be one of the major industrial parks in China. In 2013, it had a GDP of 121.3 billion yuan ($19.54 billion), and an industrial output value of 276.7 billion yuan, accounting for 15% of production in the Wuxi area.The district includes the Wuxi Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, Wuxi (Taihu) International Technology Park, Wuxi Airport Industrial Park, China (Wuxi) Industrial Expo Park, China Wu Culture Expo Park, and International Education and Living Community.[21] Hotels in Wuxi include Wuxi Maoye City – Marriott Hotel, Hilton Hotel's Wuxi-Lingshan Double Tree Resort near the Lingshan Giant Buddha, Kempinski Hotel Wuxi, Landison Square Hotel Wuxi, noted for its Wu jade phoenix sculpture in the lobby, Radisson Blu Resort Wetland Park Wuxi, Sheraton Wuxi Binhu Hotel, the Wuxi Grand Hotel, and Wuxi Hubin Hotel and many other hotels.[22]

In 2022, Wuxi's GDP will reach 1,485.082 billion yuan, an increase of 3.0% over the previous year based on comparable prices; calculated based on the permanent population, the per capita GDP will reach 198,400 yuan; the city's annual general public budget revenue will be 113.338 billion yuan.[23]

Business

As an important commercial center in East China, it has always been famous for its unique geographical location and historical background. Wuxi's commercial development has a long and prosperous history, and it has played a vital role in the local economic and social development.[24]

The earliest commercial development in Wuxi can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, when commercial activities were already carried out here. With the evolution of history, Wuxi has gradually become a transportation hub and commercial center in the Jiangnan area.[25] Wuxi is located on the shore of Taihu Lake and has convenient transportation. It has been a distribution center for silk, tea, rice and other commodities since ancient times. Today, Wuxi Commerce has developed into a diversified economic system dominated by service industries and high-tech industries.[25]

There are many characteristics and advantages of Wuxi business. First of all, its geographical location is superior, located in the center of the Yangtze River Delta, and the transportation is convenient, which is conducive to the circulation of commodities. Secondly, Wuxi has rich natural resources and cultural heritage, which provides unique conditions for commercial development.[26] In addition, the Wuxi municipal government has been committed to optimizing the business environment, attracting many domestic and foreign investors and entrepreneurs to invest and start businesses.[26] Now Wuxi is a regional business hub, with extensive manufacturing and large industrial parks devoted to new industries. Historically a center of textile manufacturing, the city has adopted new industries such as electric motor manufacturing,[27] [28] MRP software development, bicycle and brake manufacturing, and solar technology, with two major photovoltaic companies, Suntech Power[29] and Jetion Holdings Ltd, based in Wuxi. Wuxi Pharma Tech, a major pharmaceutical company, is based in Wuxi.[30] The city has a rapidly developing skyline with the opening of three supertall skyscrapers in 2014: Wuxi IFS (339m (1,112feet)[31]), Wuxi Suning Plaza 1 (328m (1,076feet)[32]) and Wuxi Maoye City - Marriott Hotel (303.8m (996.7feet)[33]).Wuxi's commercial area is concentrated along Zhongshan Road in Liangxi District. On this road, Maoye Department Store, Hongdou Wanhua City, Great Oriental Department Store, Suning Plaza, Henglong Plaza, Yaohan, Parkson and other Chinese and foreign commercial retail enterprises gather. Chong'an Temple, Nanchan Temple, and Nanchang Street are three traditional commercial bazaars. Among them, Chong'an Temple Block is as famous as Shanghai Town God's Temple, Nanjing Confucius Temple, and Suzhou Xuanmiao Temple, which are also formed by temple bazaars.Since the establishment of Yaohan, the first Sino-foreign joint venture retail enterprise in Jiangsu Province in 1996, and the establishment of Metro, China's second foreign-funded hypermarket, in Wuxi in 1997, the concentration of foreign-funded commercial retail in Wuxi is second only to Shanghai in the Yangtze River Delta region. Today, it includes Center 66, Great Orient Department Store, Wuxi Yaohan, IKEA Gathering, Yaohan Center, Bailian Outlets, Apple Direct Store, Mixc City, Coastal City, Maoye Department Store, a large number of Wanda Plazas and Rong Commercial retail benchmarking enterprises such as Chuangmao and Outlets Chuanzhisha still maintain their uniqueness in Jiangsu Province or in the Yangtze River Delta region, thus establishing Wuxi as one of the most important commercial center cities in Jiangsu Province and even in the Yangtze River Delta region

Transport

Education and research

Wuxi is also a major city among the top 200 cities in the world by scientific research outputs, as tracked by the Nature Index.[40]

University

High school(A Portion)

Elementary(A Portion)

International Education(A Portion)

Medical

Wuxi has a long history of medicine, especially in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Since the Ming dynasty, famous doctors such as You Zhongren, Shi Zhongmo, Deng Xingbo, Ke Huaizu, Xue Fuchen, etc. have either worked in the imperial hospital, or been ordered to diagnose and treat the royal family. Among them, Tan Yunxian and Xu Lushi are rare female doctors in ancient China. As for the modern medical institutions in Wuxi, it began in 1908 when Li Kele, a missionary of the American Episcopal Church and a doctor of medicine, founded the Puren Hospital, which is now the Second People's Hospital of Wuxi.

At present, Wuxi has one medical school (Medical College Affiliated to Jiangnan University), ten municipal hospitals, and 210 hospitals, including fourteen tertiary hospitals

among which Wuxi People's Hospital released the "2013 China Ranked twelfth in the "Top 100 Competitiveness List of Prefectural-level City Hospitals".

Sports

Wuxi Sports Center opened in October 1994 and has a capacity of 30,000.[42] It hosts the Wuxi Classic, a snooker event which attracted the biggest names in snooker. Wuxi City Sports Park Stadium hosted the 2017 ITTF Asian-Championships (Ping Pong),[43] and the 2019 World Cup in snooker in June 2019.[44] Major League Baseball based its main Chinese recruitment center in Wuxi since 2009 in Wuxi Development Center at Dongbeitang High School. There Major League Baseball scouts recruit the best players in China in the hopes that they will eventually play professional baseball in America.[45]

In 2022, The Wuxi Olympic Sports Center project has a total land area of about 56.7 hectares, a total construction area of about 467,000 square meters, and a total investment of about 6.9 billion yuan. It is planned to have a stadium with 60,000 seats, a gymnasium with 18,000 seats, a swimming pool with 2,000 seats and a national fitness center, and it will be constructed in accordance with the standards of a Grade A stadium. After completion, it can host large-scale comprehensive sports events across the country. In addition to "one venue, two halls", a 70,000-square-meter cultural, commercial, sports and tourism complex including commercial and hotel facilities will also be built. Through strengthening planning and operation, multiple "first competitions" and "first exhibitions" will be introduced in the future. Premiere" and other activities, and strive to build Wuxi Olympic Sports Center into a modern large-scale sports complex with various projects, rich formats and complete functions.

Landmarks

The city lies in the southern Yangtze River delta on Lake Tai, which is the third largest freshwater lake in China, and a rich resource for tourism in the area with cruises. There are 72 peninsulas and peaks and 48 islets, including Yuantouzhu (the Islet of Turtlehead) and Taihu Xiandao (Islands of the Deities).[46]

Parks and gardens

Wuxi has many private gardens or parks built by learned scholars and illustrious people in the past. Lihu Park in Binhu District was built in 1927 and named after the politician and economist Fan Li. The Star of Taihu Lake is noted for its water Ferris wheel. The gardens contains a long embankment with willow trees and a path beside the lake with numerous small bridges and pavilions.[47] On the southwest bank of the lake at the foot of Junzhang Hill is Changguangxi Wetland Park, a 10km (10miles) stretch of canal connecting Lihu Lake to the north and Taihu Lake to the south. It contains the Shitang Bridge and a lotus pond.[48] Also in Binhu District is Wuxi Zoo and Taihu Lake Amusement Park, an AAAA national landmark with over 1000 animals including Asian elephant, leopard, chimpanzee, giant panda and white rhinoceros and an ecology and science exhibition and recreation area.[49]

The 30 hectare (74 acres) Mt. Lingshan Grand Buddha Scenic Area on the southwest tip of Wuxi contains the 88m (289feet) tall Grand Buddha at Ling Shan, the world's largest bronze Buddha statue. The Mt Lingshan area also contains the Brahma Palace, Xiangfu Temple, Five Mudra Mandala, Nine Dragons Bathing Sakyamuni (a 7.2m (23.6feet) statue of Sakyamuni), and numerous other Buddhist sites.[50] Xihui Park, established in 1958 at the foot of Xi Shan to the west of the city, contains Jichang Garden and the Dragon Light Pagoda.[51]

Museums

Wuxi Museum was formally opened on October 1, 2008, following a merger of the Wuxi Revolution Museum, Wuxi Museum and Wuxi Science Museum. Covering over 71000m2 and an exhibition area of 24100m2 it is the largest public cultural building in Wuxi, with 600,000 visitors annually as of 2019. The museum also administers the Chinese National Industry and Commerce Museum of Wuxi, Chengji Art Museum, Zhou Huaimin Painting Museum, Zhang Wentian Former Residence and Wuxi Ancient Stone Inscriptions Museum.[52] Wuxi Art Museum, known as the Wuxi Painting and Calligraphy Institute before the rename in 2011, was established on December 7, 1979, in Chong'an district. The current facility has a space of 1135m (3,724feet).[53] Hongshan Archaeological Museum in Wuxi New District opened in 2008 and houses artifacts related to the local Wu culture between 770 and 221 BC. The items, which include miniature jade engravings and objects related to burial and musical customs, were unearthed at Hongshan Tomb Complex in 2004.[54] The Helv City Ruins is an extremely precious historical and cultural heritage in Wuxi City, and it is the capital of Helu, one of the Five Hegemons in the Spring and Autumn period. The city was built in the first year of Helu (the sixth year of King Jing of Zhou, 514 BC), more than 2,500 years ago.

As early as 1956, the Helu City site was named a provincial cultural relic protection unit by the Jiangsu Provincial Government. At the national expert demonstration meeting held in 2008, the site was identified as the capital of King Helu of Wu, and was named one of the "Top Ten New Archaeological Discoveries in China in 2008". In 2011, it was selected as "Jiangsu Grand Site". In March 2013, it was named the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. In December of the same year, it was selected into the National Archaeological Site Park Project List announced by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage

The Former Residence of Xue Fucheng at No. 152 Xueqian Street in Chong'an district, is the former home of Zue Fencheng, a noted diplomat of the late Qing dynasty and is open to the public.[55]

In addition, Wuxi also has the famous Wuxi Grand Theater and Sunac Taihu Show.

Notable people

Sister Cities

Asia  

Europe  

America  

Oceania  

Africa  

See also

External links

Notes and References

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  2. Web site: 存档副本 . 29 January 2019 . 2019-10-07 . 2019-10-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191007050113/http://dy.163.com/v2/article/detail/E6MPUTF9053718WA.html . live.
  3. Book: Zhou, You, Zhenhe, Rujia. zh:方言与中国文化. Shanghai People's Publishing House. 1986. 978-7-208-00965-3. 153–4.
  4. Book: . 1996. 7-5326-0299-0. 105. zh. zh:中国历史大辞典·历史地理卷. The Great Encyclopaedia of Chinese History, Volume on Historical Geography.
  5. Book: Zhengzhang, Shangfang. zh:郑张尚芳语言学论文集. Zhonghua Book Company. 2012. 978-7-101-06105-5. Zhengzhang Shangfang's Symposium on Linguistics . zh:古吴越地名中的侗台语成分, 古越语地名人名解义.
  6. Web site: Modernity, Chinese Style, and the Wuxi Gene. TIME Magazine. 16 June 2023.
  7. Web site: History of Wuxi. Government of Wuxi. 2 September 2019.
  8. Encyclopedia: Wuxi. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2 September 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190902092607/https://www.britannica.com/place/Wuxi. 2 September 2019. live.
  9. Book: Entrepreneurship in Family Business: Cases from China. Shi, Henry X. Springer. 2014. 65–6. 978-3-319-04304-3.
  10. Book: Censorship: A World Encyclopedia. Jones, Derek. Routledge. 686. 2001. 978-1-136-79864-1.
  11. Bell, Lynda S.. Explaining China's Rural Crisis: Observations From Wuxi County In The Early Twentieth Century. Republican China. 11. 15–31. Republican China, Volume 11, Issue 1. 1985. 10.1080/08932344.1985.11720078. 130199257 .
  12. Book: zh:江苏省志・人口志. Fangzhi Publishing House. 978-7-801-22526-9. 58–9 . Jiangsu Provincial Gazetteer, Volume on Demography. 1999.
  13. Web site: Journal of Women's History - Volume 11 . Indiana University Press. 103. 1999 .
  14. Book: Yoritomo and the Founding of the First Bakufu. Mass, Jeffrey P.. Stanford University Press. 11. 978-0-8047-8010-0. January 2000.
  15. Web site: History . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190902144130/http://english.jiangnan.edu.cn/ABOUT_JU/History.htm . 2 September 2019 . 2 September 2019 . english.jiangnan.edu.cn.
  16. Web site: 无锡:攀高逐强,勇当产业进击"优等生"_新华网江苏频道 . 2023-09-26 . www.js.xinhuanet.com.
  17. Web site: 2022年1-12月份无锡市国民经济运行情况简析 . 2023-09-26 . www.wuxi.gov.cn.
  18. Web site: 希有西柚 . 无锡:中国GDP第二高的地级市,经济发展的典范 . 2023-09-26 . www.bilibili.com.
  19. Web site: 2022年无锡市国民经济和社会发展统计公报-无锡市人民政府外事办公室 . 2023-09-26 . fao.wuxi.gov.cn.
  20. Web site: 无锡:现代化经济发达的繁荣之城 . 2023-09-26 . www.wuxi.gov.cn.
  21. News: Wuxi New District. China Daily. 5 June 2018. 2 September 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190902130551/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/jiangsu/wuxinewdistrict/2018-06/05/content_18807750.htm. 2 September 2019. live.
  22. News: Accommodatations. China Daily. 2 September 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191012180755/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/jiangsu/wuxi/accommodation.html. 12 October 2019. live.
  23. Web site: 无锡发展经济的现状 - 文稿网 . 2023-09-26 . w.zujuanshi.com.
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