| Type: | alphabet |
| Turned g | |
| Letter: | ᵷ |
| Script: | Latin script |
| Language: | Tabasaran language, Karaim language, Kwakʼwala, multiple phonetic trascriptions |
| Typedesc: | ic |
| Unicode: | U+1D77 |
| Phonemes: | pronounced as /link/ |
| Usageperiod: | 1844, 1880, 1892-1921, 1900, 1929, 1959, 1965 |
| Fam1: | (speculated origin) |
| Fam2: | |
| Fam7: | Γ γ |
| Fam9: | C c |
| Fam10: | G g |
ᵷ or turned g is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed by rotating g 180°. It is used to transliterate the Georgian letter ჹ. ჹ itself is the Georgian letter გ "g" rotated.
In 1844, created his Anti-absurd or Phenotypic alphabet, featuring turned g for the diphthong pronounced as /[aʊ]/.
In 1880, John Wesley Powell created a phonetic transcription for transcribing Native American languages in publications of the Smithsonian Institution. In the transcriptions, turned letters were used as supplementary characters.In 1900, turned g was a proposed phonetic symbol in the International Phonetic Association’s Exposé des principes to represent a voiceless laminal closed postalveolar sibilant, as found in Adyghe, and other Northwest Caucasian languages.
Franz Boas used turned g to represent the voiced velar fricative pronounced as /link/ in his transcription of the Kwakʼwala language, published in American Anthropologist in 1900.
In 1921, and used turned g in their phonetic transcription, notably in sv|Metodiska ljudöfningar published in 1892 or the dictionary sv|Svensk ordlista published in 1921.
In 1929, Tadeusz Jan Kowalski used the turned g and turned k in Karaim language texts to represent an alveolar plosive pronounced as a velar plosive before the vowel pronounced as /link/. Omeljan Pritsak reused this in a 1959 Karaim work.
Turned g represents a pronounced as /link/ in the transcription of the Tabasaran language by in his book Russian: Табасаранский язык: Исследование и тексты published in 1965.[1]
A rotated capital G (⅁) has sometimes been used as a substitute for the similar-looking eng pronounced as /link/. It is encoded in Unicode at U+2141. It looks similar to the Hebrew letter Pe (פ).
ᵷ was added to Unicode 4.1 in 2005, as U+1D77. Fonts that can display the character include Code2000, Doulos SIL and Charis SIL. Lowercase "B with hook", an IPA letter that resembles a turned one-story g, is more widely available as a substitute, at U+0253. However the vertical alignment does not match.