(Arabic: صَلَوَات|translit=ṣalawāt; Arabic: صَلَاة|translit=ṣalāh|label=none) or is an Islamic complimentary Arabic phrase which contains veneration for Muhammad. This phrase is usually expressed by Muslims as part of their five daily prayers (usually during the) and also when Muhammad's name is mentioned.[1] [2] [3]
is a plural form of (Arabic: صَلَاة) and from the triliteral root of ṣ-l-w (the letters, Arabic: ص ل و) which literally means 'prayer' or 'send blessings upon'.[4] [5]
Some Arabic philologists suggest that the meaning of the word varies depending on who uses the word and to whom it is used for.[6]
In Islam, when a Muslim or Islamic angels recite, it means they are sending it to the prophet and are showing Allah their respect for Muhammad, while when the same is sending upon prophet by Allah himself, it means he is blessed by Allah. "When Muhammad sends upon the believers, it indicates his prayer for their welfare, blessing and salvation."[7]
Muhammad was also reported saying: "The meanest person is he who does not invoke upon me when my name is mentioned in his presence."[8] [9]
Ibn Asakri transmitted from al-Hasan bin Ali that Muhammad said: "Invoke more upon me, for your invocation is conducive to your sins being forgiven. And pray for me a high status and intercession, for surely my intercession will plead in your favour before Allah."
According to Ja'far al-Sadiq, Muhammad said: "All supplications to Allah will remain in a veil from the sky until a is sent to Mohammad PBUH and his Household."[10] In another tradition, Ja'far al-Sadiq was quoted that: "Whoever sends on the Prophet PBH and his Household means 'I am standing on the promise that I gave when Allah asked me, 'Am I not your lord? And I answered yes you are.'"[11]
One recommended by Muhammad is:
Muhammad was also reported to have said: "Do not invoke incomplete upon me". His asked him: "What is incomplete ?" He replied them: "When you say: 'O God, send blessing to Muhammad' and then stop on that. Rather say: Arabic: ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ 'Allahumma! send Your blessing to Muhammad and the progeny of Muhammad."[12]
Several variant phrases of may be used. The most common phrases are:
| Arabic | Phrase | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic: ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ | pronounced as //ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din// | O God, send blessings upon Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad. | |
| Arabic: ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ | pronounced as //ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕa.laː ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din// | O God, send blessings upon Muhammad and upon the Progeny of Muhammad. | |
| Arabic: ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ وَسَلِّمْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ | pronounced as //ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li wa.sal.lim ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕa.laː ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din// | O God, send blessings and peace upon Muhammad and upon the Progeny of Muhammad. | |
| Arabic: ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ وَسَلِّمْ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ | pronounced as //ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li wa.sal.lim wa.baː.rik ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕa.laː ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din// | O God, send blessings and peace and benediction upon Muhammad and upon the Progeny of Muhammad. | |
| Arabic: ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ وَسَلِّمْ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ أَجْمَعِينَ وَعَلىٰ جَمِيعِ ٱلْمَلَائِكَةِ وَجَمِيعِ ٱلْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَٱلْمُرْسَلِينَ وَٱلشُّهَدَاءِ وَٱلصِّدِّيقِينَ وَجَمِيعِ عِبَادِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلصَّالِحِينَ | pronounced as //ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li wa.sal.lim wa.baː.rik ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕa.laː ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din ʔad͡ʒ.ma.ʕiː.na wa.ʕa.laː d͡ʒa.miː.ʕi‿l.ma.laː.ʔi.ka.ti wa.d͡ʒa.miː.ʕi‿l.ʔan.bi.jaː.ʔi wal.mur.sa.liː.na waʃ.ʃu.ha.daː.ʔi wasˤ.sˤid.diː.qiː.na wa.d͡ʒa.miː.ʕi ʕi.baː.di‿l.laː.hi‿sˤ.sˤaː.li.ħiː.na// | O God, send blessings and peace and benediction upon Muhammad and upon the Progeny of Muhammad all together, and upon all of the Angels, and [upon] all of the Prophets, Messengers, martyrs and truthful ones, and [upon] all of the righteous servants of God. | |
| Arabic: ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَجِّلْ لِوَلِيِّكَ ٱلْفَرَجَ وَٱلْعَافِيَةَ وَٱلنَّصْرَ | pronounced as //ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕad͡ʒ.d͡ʒil li.wa.liː.ji.ka‿l.fa.ra.d͡ʒa wal.ʕaː.fi.ja.ta wan.nasˤ.ra// | O God, bless Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad, and hasten the alleviation of your vicegerent (i.e. Imam Mahdi), and grant him vitality and victory. | |
| Arabic: ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَجِّلْ فَرَجَهُمْ | pronounced as //ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕad͡ʒ.d͡ʒil fa.ra.d͡ʒa.hum// | O God, bless Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad, and hasten their alleviation. | |
| Arabic: ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَجِّلْ فَرَجَهُمْ وَٱلْعَنْ أَعْدَاءَهُمْ | pronounced as //ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕad͡ʒ.d͡ʒil fa.ra.d͡ʒa.hum wal.ʕan ʔaʕ.daː.ʔa.hum// | O God, bless Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad, and hasten their alleviation and curse their enemies. |
It is said that whoever sends 10 upon Muhammad and his household will be sent a thousand by God and his angels, and whoever sends 1,000 upon Muhammad and his household will not be affected by the fire of hell.[13]
Sending upon Muhammad and his progeny is said to pave the way for his intercession on the day of judgement,[14] serve as a compensation for sins,[15] and to be the most weighty deed on the scale of deeds.[16] upon Muhammad and his households is said to lead to the affection of God and his messenger,[17] to purify deeds,[18] and to serve as the light in the grave, As-Sirāt bridge and Paradise.[19]
is said to be one of the best deeds on Friday, and is said to lighten and open the heart.[20]
Reciting aloud is said to vanish hypocrisy,[21] and continuous recitation of is said to fulfil one's worldly and heavenly wants (supplication).[22]