Pe (Persian letter) explained

Pe (Persian: پ) is a letter in the Persian alphabet and the Kurdish alphabet used to represent the voiceless bilabial plosive ⟨p⟩.[1] It is based on (Arabic: ب) with two additional diacritic dots. It is one of the five letters that were created specifically for the Persian alphabet to symbolize sounds found in Persian but not Arabic, others being Persian: ژ, Persian: چ, and Persian: گ.[2] In addition the obsolete Persian: ڤ.[3]

It is used in Persian, Kurdish, Pashto, Balochi, and other Iranian languages, Uyghur, Urdu, Sindhi, Kashmiri, Shina, and Turkic languages (before the Latin and Cyrillic scripts were adopted).

It is one of additional common foreign letters that are sometimes used in some Arabic dialects to represent foreign sounds, it represents pronounced as //p// in loanwords and it can be substituted by Arabic: ب pronounced as //b// such as in protein which is written as Arabic: بروتين pronounced as //broːtiːn// or Arabic: پروتين pronounced as //proːtiːn//. In Egypt, the letter is called (به بتلات نقط<!--not باء--> pronounced as /be beˈtælæt ˈnoʔɑtˤ/, "be with three dots").

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2017-09-07 . فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی . 2022-06-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170907003014/http://www.persianacademy.ir/fa/vijegidas.aspx . 7 September 2017 . dead.
  2. Izadi . Sara . Sadri . Javad . Solimanpour . Farshid . Suen . Ching Y. . 2008 . Doermann . David . Jaeger . Stefan . A Review on Persian Script and Recognition Techniques . Arabic and Chinese Handwriting Recognition . Lecture Notes in Computer Science . 4768 . en . Berlin, Heidelberg . Springer . 22–35 . 10.1007/978-3-540-78199-8_2 . 978-3-540-78199-8.
  3. Orsatti . Paola . 2019 . Persian Language in Arabic Script: The Formation of the Orthographic Standard and the Different Graphic Traditions of Iran in the First Centuries of the Islamic Era . Creating Standards (Book).