Fibrinogen beta chain explained

Fibrinogen beta chain, also known as FGB, is a gene found in humans and most other vertebrates with a similar system of blood coagulation.

The protein encoded by this gene is the beta component of fibrinogen, a blood-borne glycoprotein composed of three pairs of nonidentical polypeptide chains. Following vascular injury, fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form fibrin which is the most abundant component of blood clots. In addition, various cleavage products of fibrinogen and fibrin regulate cell adhesion and spreading, display vasoconstrictor and chemotactic activities, and are mitogens for several cell types. Mutations in this gene lead to several disorders, including afibrinogenemia, dysfibrinogenemia, hypodysfibrinogenemia and thrombotic tendency.^[1]

Interactions

Fibrinogen beta chain has been shown to interact with Lipoprotein(a).^[2]

See also

• Fibrin
• Fibrinogen alpha chain
• Fibrinogen gamma chain

Further reading

• Doolittle RF . Fibrinogen and fibrin. . Annu. Rev. Biochem. . 53 . 195–229 . 1984 . 6383194 . 10.1146/annurev.bi.53.070184.001211 .
• Vasse M, Paysant J, Soria J . Regulation of fibrinogen biosynthesis by cytokines, consequences on the vascular risk. . Haemostasis . 26 Suppl 4 . 4. 331–9 . 1997 . 8979138 . 10.1159/000217313. etal.
• Herrick S, Blanc-Brude O, Gray A, Laurent G . Fibrinogen. . Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. . 31 . 7 . 741–6 . 1999 . 10467729 . 10.1016/S1357-2725(99)00032-1 .
• Redman CM, Xia H . Fibrinogen biosynthesis. Assembly, intracellular degradation, and association with lipid synthesis and secretion. . Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. . 936 . 480–95 . 2001 . 1 . 11460506 . 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03535.x . 2001NYASA.936..480R . 31741202 .
• Brennan SO, Fellowes AP, George PM . Molecular mechanisms of hypo- and afibrinogenemia. . Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. . 936 . 1. 91–100 . 2001 . 11460528 . 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03496.x . 2001NYASA.936...91B . 30410074 .
• Everse SJ . New insights into fibrin (ogen) structure and function. . Vox Sang. . 83 . 375–82 . 2003 . Suppl 1 . 12617173 . 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2002.tb05338.x. 21813767 .
• Scott EM, Ariëns RA, Grant PJ . Genetic and environmental determinants of fibrin structure and function: relevance to clinical disease. . Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. . 24 . 9 . 1558–66 . 2005 . 15217804 . 10.1161/01.ATV.0000136649.83297.bf . 21298700 .
• Lord ST . Fibrinogen and fibrin: scaffold proteins in hemostasis. . Curr. Opin. Hematol. . 14 . 3 . 236–41 . 2007 . 17414213 . 10.1097/MOH.0b013e3280dce58c . 31315177 .
• Chen XC, Xu MT, Zhou W . A meta-analysis of relationship between beta-fibrinogen gene -148C/T polymorphism and susceptibility to cerebral infarction in Han Chinese. . Chin. Med. J. . 120 . 13 . 1198–202 . 2007 . 17637253 . 10.1097/00029330-200707010-00017. 41548216 . etal. free .
• Tarakhovskiĭ IuS . Galushchenko IV . Boroviagin VL . [Temperature-dependent changes in the profile of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane hydrophobic zones] . Biokhimiia . 44 . 5 . 897–902 . 1979 . 156564 . etal.
• Watt KW, Takagi T, Doolittle RF . Amino acid sequence of the beta chain of human fibrinogen. . Biochemistry . 18 . 1 . 68–76 . 1979 . 420779 . 10.1021/bi00568a011 .
• Gårdlund B, Hessel B, Marguerie G . Primary structure of human fibrinogen. Characterization of disulfide-containing cyanogen-bromide fragments. . Eur. J. Biochem. . 77 . 3 . 595–610 . 1977 . 891553 . 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11704.x . etal. free .
• Blombäck B, Hessel B, Hogg D . Disulfide bridges in nh2 -terminal part of human fibrinogen. . Thromb. Res. . 8 . 5 . 639–58 . 1976 . 936108 . 10.1016/0049-3848(76)90245-0 .
• Koopman J, Haverkate F, Grimbergen J . Abnormal fibrinogens IJmuiden (B beta Arg14----Cys) and Nijmegen (B beta Arg44----Cys) form disulfide-linked fibrinogen-albumin complexes. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 89 . 8 . 3478–82 . 1992 . 1565641 . 10.1073/pnas.89.8.3478. 48891 . etal. 1992PNAS...89.3478K. free .
• Koopman J, Haverkate F, Lord ST . Molecular basis of fibrinogen Naples associated with defective thrombin binding and thrombophilia. Homozygous substitution of B beta 68 Ala----Thr. . J. Clin. Invest. . 90 . 1 . 238–44 . 1992 . 1634610 . 10.1172/JCI115841 . 443086 . etal.
• Wu C, Chung AE . Potential role of entactin in hemostasis. Specific interaction of entactin with fibrinogen A alpha and B beta chains. . J. Biol. Chem. . 266 . 28 . 18802–7 . 1991 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)55134-6 . 1680863 . free .
• Yoshida N, Wada H, Morita K . A new congenital abnormal fibrinogen Ise characterized by the replacement of B beta glycine-15 by cysteine. . Blood . 77 . 9 . 1958–63 . 1991 . 2018836 . 10.1182/blood.V77.9.1958.1958. etal. free .
• Book: Chung DW, Harris JE, Davie EW . Nucleotide Sequences of the Three Genes Coding for Human Fibrinogen . Fibrinogen, Thrombosis, Coagulation, and Fibrinolysis . Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology . 281 . 39–48 . 1991 . 2102623 . 10.1007/978-1-4615-3806-6_3 . 978-1-4613-6697-3 .
• Danishefsky K, Hartwig R, Banerjee D, Redman C . Intracellular fate of fibrinogen B beta chain expressed in COS cells. . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1048 . 2–3 . 202–8 . 1990 . 2322576 . 10.1016/0167-4781(90)90057-9.
• Berg K, Kierulf P . DNA polymorphisms at fibrinogen loci and plasma fibrinogen concentration . Clin. Genet. . 36 . 4 . 229–35 . 1989 . 2572363 . 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1989.tb03195.x . 35604138 .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: FGB fibrinogen beta chain.
2. Klose . R . Fresser F . Kochl S . Parson W . Kapetanopoulos A . Fruchart-Najib J . Baier G . Utermann G . December 2000. Mapping of a minimal apolipoprotein(a) interaction motif conserved in fibrin(ogen) beta - and gamma -chains . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 49 . 38206–12 . UNITED STATES. 0021-9258. 10980194 . 10.1074/jbc.M003640200 . free .