| Ipa Symbol: | ɟ |
| Ipa Number: | 108 |
| Decimal: | 607 |
| Imagefile: | IPA Unicode 0x025F.svg |
| X-Sampa: | J\ |
| Kirshenbaum: | J |
| Braille: | 35 |
| Braille2: | 245 |
| Above: | Voiced alveolo-palatal plosive |
| Ipa Symbol: | ɟ̟ |
| Ipa Symbol2: | d̠ʲ |
The voiced palatal plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is (IPA|ɟ), a barred dotless (j) that was initially created by turning the type for a lowercase letter (f). The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is J\.
If the distinction is necessary, the voiced alveolo-palatal plosive may be transcribed (IPA|ɟ̟), (IPA|ɟ˖) (both symbols denote an advanced (IPA|ɟ)) or (IPA|d̠ʲ) (retracted and palatalized (IPA|d)), but they are essentially equivalent since the contact includes both the blade and body (but not the tip) of the tongue. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are J\_+ and d_-' or d_-_j, respectively. There is also a non-IPA letter ; ("d" with the curl found in the symbols for alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives) that is used especially in Sinological circles.
pronounced as /[ɟ]/ is a less common sound worldwide than the voiced postalveolar affricate pronounced as /[d͡ʒ]/ because it is difficult to get the tongue to touch just the hard palate without also touching the back part of the alveolar ridge. It is also common for the symbol (IPA|ɟ) to be used to represent a palatalized voiced velar plosive or palato-alveolar/alveolo-palatal affricates, as in Indic languages. That may be considered appropriate when the place of articulation needs to be specified, and the distinction between plosive and affricate is not contrastive.
There is also the voiced post-palatal plosive[1] in some languages, which is articulated slightly more back than the place of articulation of the prototypical palatal consonant but not as back as the prototypical velar consonant. The IPA does not have a separate symbol, which can be transcribed as (IPA|ɟ̠), (IPA|ɟ˗) (both symbols denote a retracted (IPA|ɟ)), (IPA|ɡ̟) or (IPA|ɡ˖) (both symbols denote an advanced (IPA|ɡ)). The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are J\_- and g_+, respectively.
Especially in broad transcription, the voiced post-palatal plosive may be transcribed as a palatalized voiced velar plosive ((IPA|ɡʲ) in the IPA, g' or g_j in X-SAMPA).
Features of the voiced palatal stop:
| Language | Word | Meaning | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albanian: [[Albanian alphabet|'''gj'''uha]]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ˈɟuha]/ | 'tongue' | Merged with pronounced as /link/ in Gheg Albanian and some speakers of Tosk Albanian. | |||
| Some Northern Yemeni dialects | Arabic: [[Arabic alphabet|جمل]]|rtl=yes | pronounced as /[ˈɟamal]/ | 'camel' | Corresponds to pronounced as /[{{IPAplink|d͡ʒ}} ~ {{IPAplink|ʒ}} ~ {{IPAplink|ɡ}} ~ {{IPAplink|j}}]/ in other varieties. See Arabic phonology | ||
| Some Sudanese speakers | ||||||
| Upper Egypt | ||||||
| Aramaic | some Urmian & Koine speakers | [[Syriac alphabet|ܓܒ̣ܪܐ]]/gavrɑ | pronounced as /[ɟoːrɑ]/ | 'husband' | Corresponds to pronounced as //ɡ// or pronounced as //d͡ʒ// in other dialects. | |
| some Northern speakers | pronounced as /[ɟaʊrɑ]/ | |||||
| گۆنش/Azerbaijani: [[Azerbaijani alphabet|'''g'''ünəş]]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ɟyˈnæʃ]/ | 'sun' | ||||
| Basque | Basque: [[Basque alphabet|an'''dd'''ere]]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[äɲɟe̞ɾe̞]/ | 'doll' | |||
| Burmese: [[Bulgarian alphabet|'''гь'''ол]] | pronounced as /[ɟoɫ]/ | 'swamp' | Palatalized [g] in Standard Bulgarian, may also be realized as [gj] by some speakers. See Bulgarian phonology | |||
| Catalan; Valencian: [[Catalan orthography|'''gu'''ix]]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ˈɟi̞ɕ]/ | 'chalk' | Corresponds to pronounced as //ɡ// in other varieties. See Catalan phonology | |||
| Corsican | Corsican: [[Corsican alphabet|fi'''ghj'''ulà]]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[viɟɟuˈla]/ | 'to watch' | |||
| Czech: [[Czech orthography|'''d'''ělám]]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ˈɟ̟ɛlaːm]/ | 'I do' | Alveolo-palatal.[2] See Czech phonology | |||
| Dinka: [[Dinka alphabet|'''j'''ir]]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ɟir]/ | 'blunt' | ||||
| pronounced as /[ɟé]/ | 'become numerous' | |||||
| Friulian: '''gj'''at|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ɟat]/ | 'cat' | ||||
| jjajja | pronounced as /[ɟːaɟːa]/ | 'grandfather' | ||||
| Hungarian: [[Hungarian orthography|'''gy'''ám]] | pronounced as /[ɟäːm]/ | 'guardian' | See Hungarian phonology | |||
| Irish: [[Irish orthography|Gaeil'''g'''e]]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ˈɡeːlʲɟə]/ | 'Irish language' | See Irish phonology | |||
| Latvian | Latvian: [[Latvian alphabet|'''ģ'''imene]]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ˈɟime̞ne̞]/ | 'family' | See Latvian phonology | ||
| Macedonian | Macedonian: [[Macedonian alphabet|ра'''ѓ'''ање]] | pronounced as /[ˈraɟaɲɛ]/ | 'birth' | See Macedonian phonology | ||
| Malay | Kelantan-Pattani | تراجڠ/terajang | pronounced as /[tə.ɣa.ɟɛ̃ː]/ | 'kick' | See Kelantan-Pattani Malay | |
| Munji | '''ڱ'''ب | pronounced as /[ɟɪb]/ | 'lost' | |||
| Norwegian: [[Norwegian alphabet|fa'''dd'''er]]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[fɑɟːeɾ]/ | 'godparent' | See Norwegian phonology | |||
| Northern | ||||||
| Auvergnat | Occitan (post 1500);: '''d'''iguèt|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ɟiˈɡɛ]/ | 'said' (3rd pers. sing.) | See Occitan phonology | ||
| Limousin | dissèt | pronounced as /[ɟiˈʃɛ]/ | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | Pi'''tj'''an'''tj'''a'''tj'''ara|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ˈpɪɟanɟaɟaɾa]/ | ||||
| Some Brazilian speakers | Portuguese: [[Portuguese orthography|pe'''d'''inte]]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[piˈɟ̟ĩc̟i̥]/ | 'beggar' | Corresponds to affricate allophone of pronounced as //d// before pronounced as /link/ that is common in Brazil.[3] See Portuguese phonology | ||
| Sicilian: trava'''ggh'''ju|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ʈɽɑ̝ˈväɟ.ɟʊ̠] or [ʈ͡ʂɑ̝ˈväɟ.ɟʊ̠]/ | 'job, task' | ||||
| Slovak: [[Slovak orthography|'''ď'''aleký]]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ˈɟ̟äɫe̞kiː]/ | 'far' | ||||
| Turkish: [[Turkish alphabet|'''g'''üneş]]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ɟyˈne̞ʃ]/ | 'sun' | See Turkish phonology | |||
| North-central dialect | Vietnamese: [[Vietnamese alphabet|'''d'''a]]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ɟa˧]/ | 'skin' | See Vietnamese phonology | ||
| Wu | Taizhou dialect | 共/gion6 | pronounced as /[ɟyoŋ]/ | 'together' | ||
| Language | Word | Meaning | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catalan; Valencian: [[Catalan orthography|'''gu'''ix]]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ˈɡ̟i̞ɕ]/ | 'chalk' | Allophone of pronounced as //ɡ// before front vowels when not preceded by a vowel. See Catalan phonology | |||
| geese | 'geese' | Allophone of pronounced as //ɡ// before front vowels and pronounced as //j//. See English phonology | ||||
| Greek, Modern (1453-);: [[Greek alphabet|μετάγ'''γ'''ιση]]/[[Romanization of Greek|metág'''g'''isi]] | pronounced as /[me̞ˈtɐŋ̟ɟ̠is̠i]/ | 'transfusion' | Post-palatal. See Modern Greek phonology | |||
| Standard | Italian: [[Italian alphabet|'''gh'''ianda]]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ˈɡ̟jän̪ːd̪ä]/ | 'acorn' | Post-palatal; allophone of pronounced as //ɡ// before pronounced as //i, e, ɛ, j//. See Italian phonology | ||
| Portuguese: [[Portuguese orthography|ami'''gu'''inho]]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ɐmiˈɡ̟ĩɲu]/ | 'little buddy' | Allophone of pronounced as //ɡ// before front vowels. See Portuguese phonology | |||
| Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan: [[Romanian alphabet|'''gh'''impe]]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ˈɡ̟impe̞]/ | 'thorn' | Both an allophone of pronounced as //ɡ// before pronounced as //i, e, j// and the phonetic realization of pronounced as //ɡʲ//. See Romanian phonology | |||
| Standard | Russian: [[Russian alphabet|'''г'''ерб]]/Russian: '''g'''erb | pronounced as /[ɡ̟e̞rp]/ | 'coat of arms' | Typically transcribed in IPA with (IPA|ɡʲ). See Russian phonology | ||
| Spanish; Castilian: [[Spanish orthography|'''gu'''ía]]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ˈɡ̟i.ä]/ | 'guidebook' | Allophone of pronounced as //ɡ// before front vowels when not preceded by a vowel. See Spanish phonology | |||
| pronounced as /[ɡ̠uɡ̟uɭu]/ | 'sacred' | Post-palatal. Contrasts plain and prenasalized versions. | ||||
pronounced as /navigation/