| Žulová | |
| Settlement Type: | Town |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Olomouc |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name2: | Jeseník |
| Pushpin Map: | Czech Republic |
| Pushpin Relief: | 1 |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in the Czech Republic |
| Coordinates: | 50.3094°N 17.0989°W |
| Established Title: | First mentioned |
| Established Date: | 1266 |
| Area Total Km2: | 14.76 |
| Elevation M: | 357 |
| Population As Of: | 2024-01-01 |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Total: | 1125 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Timezone1: | CET |
| Utc Offset1: | +1 |
| Timezone1 Dst: | CEST |
| Utc Offset1 Dst: | +2 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 790 65 |
Žulová (until 1948 Frýdberk; German: Friedeberg) is a town in Jeseník District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants.
The village of Tomíkovice is an administrative part of Žulová.
The name is derived from the Czech word for granite (žula), which was mined here.[2]
Žulová is located about 11km (07miles) north-west of Jeseník and 80km (50miles) north of Olomouc. It lies in the Žulová Hilly Land. The highest point is the hill Boží hora at 527m (1,729feet) above sea level. The Vidnavka stream flows through the town.
Velký Pond, located in the eastern part of the municipal territory, is a fish pond with an area of . It is the largest pond in the area.[3]
The first written mention of Frýdberk is from the 13th century, when the Frýdberk Castle was built. The settlement was first referred to as a town in 1358. It was part of the Duchy of Nysa under Bohemian suzerainty. In the 15th century, silver was mined here and two glassworks were in operation. The castle was renaissance reconstructed in 1594.[4]
The development of the town ended with the Thirty Years' War. In 1639, the castle was conquered and demolished by the Swedish and Polish troops. The town was looted in 1642 and destroyed by a fire in 1657. In the second half of the 17th century, Frýdberk recovered and began to expand. In 1793, the town privileges were restored.[4]
Following the duchy's dissolution in 1850, it was incorporated directly into Bohemia. In the 19th century, the town of became a centre of stone mining and processing, especially granite.[4]
From 1938 to 1945, the town was occupied by Nazi Germany and administered as a part of the Reichsgau Sudetenland. During World War II, the Germans operated a forced labour subcamp of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp at a quarry in Frýdberk, and a subcamp of Stalag VIII-B/344 at a quarry in Tomíkovice.[5]
In 1948, the municipality was renamed to its current name.[6]
Žulová is located on a railway line of local importance from Javorník to Lipová-lázně.[7]
A bergfried survived from the ruins of the castle. It is up to thick and has survived to the present day up to the height of the original 4th floor. The bergfried and the core of the castle ruins were used to build a unique church. The Church of Saint Joseph was built in the Neoclassical style in 1809–1810.[8] The stone bridge leading to the church was built in 1846 and is also a cultural monument.[9]
The Church of Our Lady of Sorrows is situated on the Boží hora Hill. A wooden church, which was built there in 1712–1713, was replaced by the current neo-Gothic building built in 1878–1880. It was designed by Friedrich von Schmidt. An atypical double construction system was used during construction due to the local extreme weather conditions. Stations of the Cross line the way up the hill to the church.[10]