| Zhmerynka | |
| Native Name: | Ukrainian: Жмеринка |
| Type: | City of regional significance |
| Pushpin Map: | Ukraine Vinnytsia Oblast#Ukraine |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | Oblast |
| Subdivision Name1: | Vinnytsia Oblast |
| Subdivision Type2: | Raion |
| Subdivision Name2: | Zhmerynka Raion |
| Population Total: | 33754 |
| Population As Of: | 2022 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Area Total Km2: | 18.26 |
| Established Date: | 1591 |
| Established Title: | Magdeburg rights |
| Elevation M: | 362 |
| Subdivision Type3: | Hromada |
| Subdivision Name3: | Zhmerynka urban hromada |
Zhmerynka (Ukrainian: Жмеринка, pronounced as /uk/) is a city in Vinnytsia Oblast, central Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Zhmerynka Raion within the oblast. Population: It is located in the historic region of Podolia.
There are many propositions as far as the origin of name of Zhmerynka is concerned. One of the ideas is that it may be derived from the Polish words, describing the handshake.
Initially there were two neighbouring villages named Zmierzynki Wielkie ("Big Zmierzynki") and Zmierzynki Małe ("Small Zmierzynki"), administratively located in the Winnica County in the Bracław Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.[1] The former was a possession of the Potocki family and the latter of the Głowacki family.[2] The villages were annexed by Russia in the Second Partition of Poland (1793), and their names were Russified to Zhmerynka from the Polish Zmierzynka.
In 1870 a railway station was built,[3] and the settlement began to develop more rapidly. In 1903 it was granted city rights, however, the first mayor, Pole Karol Wroński, was appointed only in 1905.[3]
With the fall of Tsarist Russia during World War I, in 1917, the town became part of the newly established Ukrainian People's Republic.[3] During the war between Poland, Ukraine and Soviet Russia, the town was captured successively by the Soviets in March 1919, by the Ukrainians in June 1919, by the Soviets in January 1920, by the Poles in April 1920, and by the Soviets in June 1920, eventually becoming part of the Soviet Union.[3] The city suffered during the famine in 1932–1933.[3]
Zhmerynka was occupied by the Romanian Army during the Second World War from 17 July 1941 until 20 March 1944 and incorporated into the Transnistria Governorate.
Zhmerynka is situated in the south-eastern part of the Vinnytsia region. Zmerynka has an area of 18,2 square kilometers. The average altitude above the sea level is 326m.
Zhmerynka has the continental European climate.[4]
The Mayor of Zhmerynka is elected by the people of Zhmerynka during the direct election process.
The City Assembly may approve or reject the urban development decrees, initiated by the local people, social groups and organizations.[5]
The old Orthodox Cathedral was built in 1893, however it was destroyed in 1928.
There is the newly built St. Oleksandr Nevs'ky Orthodox Cathedral, which was made of the red bricks in 2005, in a central part of the city of Zhmerynka.
There is the St. Oleksiy Catholic Cathedral, which was built in 1910, in Zhmerynka (see the picture in the Gallery).[6]
Many Jewish people were in Zhmerynka before World War II.[7] However, the Synagogue was destroyed during the World War II. Presently, the Jewish people initiated an effort to collect the financial funds to build a new Synagogue in Zhmerynka.
The railway company, which is a part of railway transportation industry, is a biggest business and employer in Zhmerynka.[8]
There are many companies, which belong to the agricultural industry in Zhmerynka.
There is a well developed food processing industry with a number of big, medium and small companies.
There are many secondary schools in Zhmerynka, which employ a big number of teachers.
There is a number of comfortable hotels with a variety of services, which operate in Zhmerynka.
Zhmerynka is a major railway hub in Ukraine.[8]
The initial project of the Zmerynka railway transportation hub was made by Carl von Meck, engineer in 1865.
The building of the Zhmerynka big railway station was designed by architect Zhuravs'ky and built in 1899–1904.
Zhmerynka railway station was fully renovated in 2012.[8]
There is a bus station near the railway station. The distance to Bar, Ukraine is 30km (20miles). The distance to Vinnytsia is 35km (22miles). The distance to Sharhorod is 37km (23miles). The distance to Kyiv is 317km (197miles).
Zhmerins'ky Meridian newspaper is published in Zhmerynka. The head office is located at Bohdan Khmelnits'ky Street 19, Zhmerynka 23100, Ukraine.[9]
There is an FM radio-station: "Obriy", which transmits the local news and the music in Zhmerynka at 67.34 MHz.
There is a number of Internet resources, which monitor the cultural, business, politics news in Zhmerynka.[10]
Zhmerynka is twinned with:
