| Święta Lipka | |
| Settlement Type: | Village |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | Voivodeship |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Kętrzyn |
| Subdivision Type3: | Gmina |
| Subdivision Name3: | Reszel |
| Coordinates: | 54.0333°N 34°W |
| Pushpin Map: | Poland |
| Pushpin Label Position: | bottom |
| Timezone: | CET |
| Utc Offset: | +1 |
| Timezone Dst: | CEST |
| Utc Offset Dst: | +2 |
| Registration Plate: | NKE |
| Population Total: | 200 |
Święta Lipka (pronounced as /pl/, German: link=no|Heiligelinde[1]) is a small village in the administrative district of Gmina Reszel, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northeastern Poland.[2] It lies approximately 6km (04miles) south-east of Reszel, 130NaN0 south-west of Kętrzyn, and 550NaN0 north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn. The village is located in the historic region of Masuria. Święta Lipka is known for the pilgrimage sanctuary and temple of Baroque architecture and its pipe organ, a Historic Monument of Poland.[3]
See main article: Święta Lipka Sanctuary. According to legend, the name Heiligelinde and Święta Lipka - Holy Linden (lime tree) - referred to a tree with a wooden statue of Mary under which miracles took place; a legend exists that a convicted criminal carved a figurine of Mary and was released soon-after. As a sign of gratitude he placed the miraculous figurine on a linden tree, which had healing properties. The actual origin of the name may stem from a sacred grove of the Old Prussians.
A chapel at the site was first mentioned in a 1491 deed issued by Johann von Tiefen, then Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. It was then part the Kingdom of Poland as a fief held by the Teutonic Knights. At this time it was already a pilgrimage site, with an inn. It was destroyed about 1525 during the Protestant Reformation, during which the region gradually became more Lutheran.
Although the village lay in the Protestant region of Masuria, the Roman Catholic faith was again approved in the Duchy of Prussia in 1605.[4] The chapel was rebuilt by the Jesuits and consecrated in 1619 by the Warmian prince-bishop Szymon Rudnicki and became a popular pilgrimage site among the Roman Catholic populace of the surrounding counties and other parts of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth,[5] as well as the Lutheran Masurians.[4] Among the 17th-century pilgrims was Polish King Władysław IV Vasa.[5] In 1688, Warmian Bishop Michał Stefan Radziejowski laid the cornerstone of a new, great Baroque church, which was consecrated in 1693 by his successor, Bishop Jan Stanisław Zbąski.[5] From the 18th century the village was part of the Kingdom of Prussia. The Jesuit monastery was abolished, and King Frederick II of Prussia allowed the Jesuits to stay only as secular administrators of the church complex.[5] Franciszek Ksawery Rymkiewicz became the first post-Jesuit parish priest.[5] From 1871 to 1945 the village was part of Germany, administratively located within the province of East Prussia. After the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II, in 1945, the village along with Masuria became again part of Poland.