| Official Name: | Örebro |
| Settlement Type: | City |
| Pushpin Map: | Sweden Örebro#Sweden |
| Pushpin Label Position: | top |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  Sweden |
| Subdivision Type3: | Municipality |
| Subdivision Name3: | Örebro Municipality |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Örebro County |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Närke |
| Established Title3: | Charter |
| Established Date3: | 1404 |
| Area Footnotes: | [1] |
| Area Urban Km2: | 49.27 |
| Area Total Km2: | 1380.11 |
| Population As Of: | 2019 |
| Population Urban: | 125817 |
| Population Urban Footnotes: | [2] |
| Population Total: | 155989 |
| Population Metro: | 196,304 |
| Population Density Km2: | 2172 |
| Population Demonym: | Örebroare |
| Timezone: | CET |
| Utc Offset: | +1 |
| Timezone Dst: | CEST |
| Utc Offset Dst: | +2 |
| Coordinates: | 59.2739°N 15.2075°W |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 701 xx, 702 xx, 703 xx |
| Area Code: | (+46) 19 |
| Elevation M: | 34 |
| Footnotes: | Including Örebro, Kumla, Hallsberg and Lekeberg municipalities. |
Örebro ([3] [4] [5] in Swedish œrɛˈbruː/) is the sixth-largest city in Sweden, the seat of Örebro Municipality, and capital of Örebro County. It is situated by the Närke Plain, near the lake Hjälmaren, a few kilometers inland along the small river Svartån, and has a population of approximately 126,000 in the city proper.[6] It is one of the largest inland hubs of the country, and a major logistic and commercial operating site.
Örebro is home to Örebro University, a major university hospital, a medieval castle, the water park Gustavsvik as well as several large shopping malls and the Oset and Rynningeviken Nature Reserve adjacent to lake Hjälmaren.
Örebro is served by Örebro Airport 10 km (6 mi) southwest of the city, and by Örebro Central Station, serviced by the Mälaren Line and Western Main Line.
The name Örebro refers to a bridge (Swedish: bro) crossing the river Svartån where the city is located. The prefix Swedish: Öre- is derived from Swedish: ör 'gravel (bank)'.[7]
See also: History of Närke.
Örebro received its Royal Charter and city privileges not later than 1404.
The location became a natural seat of commerce in the Scandinavian Middle Ages and is mentioned in print in the 13th century. Old buildings from the early days include the foundations of the city church, a building which has undergone several modifications. The natural center of the city is otherwise Örebro Castle, situated on an islet in the Svartån, and dividing the town into a northern and a southern part. This castle was constructed during the stewardship of Birger Jarl during the late 13th century and then modified and enlarged during the reign of King Gustav Vasa in the 1560s. The Örebro Synod was held here in 1529.
Notable events in Örebro's history include the national diet meeting at Örebro in 1810, where Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte was elected crown prince of Sweden.[8] [9]
Although a trade town, Örebro remained small until the second half of the 19th century, when it grew rapidly as a center of the national shoe-manufacturing industry.
Örebro's old town, Wadköping, is located on the banks of the Svartån. It contains many 18th and 19th century wooden houses, along with museums and exhibitions.
Örebro has hosted a contemporary art exhibition called Open Art on four occasions: in 2008, 2009, 2011 and 2013. In 2013, the exhibition featured works by 90 artists from Sweden and many other countries throughout the world.[10] The fifth edition of the exhibition is planned for the summer of 2015.[11]
Örebro University is one of Sweden's most recent, being upgraded from högskola (university college) in 1999. It currently has around 16,000 students and a staff of 1,100. The institution is regarded as one of the top 351–400 universities in the world.[12] The university is also named among the world's top 100 young universities (number 62) in the 2018 THE Young University Rankings.[13]
Gustavsvik, the largest water park in the Nordic countries, is located just a kilometer south of central Örebro. With more than 700,000 visitors per year, it is one of the most popular tourist and leisure establishments in Sweden. Only Liseberg, Gröna Lund and Skansen are more popular. In the summer the manor of Karlslund is a very popular place to visit.
The city has a motorcycle speedway venue known as the Örebro Motorstadion,[14] near Örebro Airport, that hosts the speedway team known as Vikingarna.[15] The team participate in the Swedish Speedway Team Championship. They raced at two former venues; the old Örebro Motorstadion in Adolfsberg (1949 to circa.1965) and Trängens IP (circa.1967 to 1975).[16] The Adolfsberg track staged a qualifying round of the Speedway World Championship in 1954.[17]
Karlslunds IF is a multi-sports club specialising in American Football, Bandy, Baseball/Softball, Bowling, Football, Gymnastics, Skiing and Swimming.
Örebro, like the rest of the area close to Mälardalen, has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) that is made milder by the proximity to water and the Gulf Stream which makes it interchangeable with oceanic climates. Summer temperatures occasionally exceed 30C albeit not yearly, and temperatures above 5C are rare in winter, although frost-free nights sometimes occur. July average high temperatures generally range from 20C to 26C depending on weather patterns, with a 2002–2021 mean high of around 23.5C. July lows averaged 12.3C, sizeably cooler than seaside areas. January averaged 0.7C average highs in the same timeframe, with average lows of -5C.
During cold winters, Örebro receives plenty of snowfall. Örebro is far more prone than coastal areas to really harsh frosts with temperatures approaching or below -20C happening almost every winter according to SMHI statistics. The station's setting in a rural location might skew temperatures somewhat compared to the urban area which is also at a slightly lower elevation and nearer Hjälmaren. Especially when considering overnight lows this could result in a small urban heat island effect in downtown.
However, the climate is very variable from year to year. For example, December 2010 was record cold with a daily mean of -9C, whilst December 2006 only a few years before had a mean of 4.3C.[19] [20] The warmest month on record is 21.8C in July 2018 and the coldest on record is -12.8C in January 1987.[21] [22] Örebro is often without snow cover for large parts of the winter months when daytime temperatures hover just above freezing – an exceptional feature for an inland area north of the 59th latitude. The westerly Atlantic moderating influence is strong enough that far inland Örebro has milder winters than the near-coastal town Norrtälje, located slightly farther north on the Baltic Sea with a similar rural weather station.
The highest ever recorded temperature was set on 7 August 1975 during an intense heatwave with 36C,[23] which is a very high temperature for such northerly latitudes. During the 21st century, the record heat is the all-time July record of 35.9C set in 2022.[24] The lowest recorded temperature in recorded history was set in February 1966 with -30C.[25] Several monthly records were set after 2010 according to official SMHI statistics, namely the record highs of February, March, May, July, October, November and December as well as the coldest December temperature and month on record, that was set in 2010.[26] Humidity is high for most parts of the year, but adequately lower during summer months. In spite of this summer is generally the time that gets the most precipitation[27] due to clashes between hot and cool continental air systems causing heavy thunderstorm rainfall. In 2015, a 13.1C reading was recorded around the winter solstice which was a very warm reading for an inland area in the low-sun season.[28]
Being unshielded by the South Swedish highlands rain shadow, moist westerly air results in higher precipitation than on Baltic Sea locations. Summer convection and the flat topography of downtown can result in flash floods of low areas. Resulting from that, Örebro has been deemed one of the most vulnerable areas in Sweden to flooding and saw several incidents in a record wet summer in 2023.[29] [30]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Sweden. Örebro is twinned with:[31]
Drammen, Norway
Lappeenranta, Finland
Łódź, Poland
Stykkishólmur, Iceland
Terrassa, Spain
Veliky Novgorod, Russia
Yantai, China