Éveline Garnier Explained

Éveline Garnier
Birth Name:Éveline Geneviève Anna Garnier
Birth Date:6 May 1904
Nationality:French
Occupation:Librarian
Known For:French Resistance
Partner:Andrée Jacob

Éveline Geneviève Anna Garnier (6 May 1904 - 22 October 1989) was a significant figure in the Noyautage des administrations publiques, which aimed at infiltrating the French collaborationalist Vichy Government during the Second World War. She used her job as a librarian as cover for her work in the French Resistance alongside her partner Andrée Jacob, Henri Frenay and Claude Bourdet.[1]

Early life and family

Éveline Geneviève Anna Garnier was born on 6 May 1904 in the 16th arrondissement of Paris.[2] Her mother was Jeanne Julie Gabrielle (née Maritain) (1875-1955)[3] and her father was Charles Marie Georges Garnier (1869-1956), professor of English literature and language at the Lycée Janson-de-Sailly, Inspector General of Public Education and a writer.[4] Her maternal grandmother, Geneviève Maritain (née Favre) (1855-1943), was a feminist and pacifist, the daughter of philosopher and educator Julie Favre and statesman and lawyer Jules Favre. Her maternal uncle was the philosopher Jacques Maritain, who converted from Protestantism to Catholicism in 1906[5] and later designated her as his principal legatee.[6]

Her parents, both Protestants, divorced shortly before the First World War.[7]

Éveline Garnier was the partner of another member of the French Resistance, Andrée Jacob, whom she met in the Christian circles around her uncle Jacques Maritain.[8] [9]

Resistance work in the Second World War

Garnier was active in the French Resistance during the Second World War. Her codename was Anne.[10]

She worked in close collaboration with Claude Bourdet within the Combat movement, working across intelligence, recruitment, organisation, and direct action. She also worked with Father Foussard, within the Comet Line, which rescued and repatriated Allied airmen that were shot down on French soil.[11] [12]

Garnier became deputy secretary general of the Noyautage des administrations publiques (NAP) network in September 1943, working with her partner Andrée Jacob, (code name Danielle). From March 1944 Garnier was head of the NAP network.[13] She also helped to save Jews by making false papers for them.

After the Liberation of France, she and Andrée Jacob joined the ministère des Anciens combattants de la Résistance et des Déportés (Ministry of Veterans of the Resistance and Deportees).[14]

Personal life

Garnier and Andrée Jacob were in a relationship for over fifty years.

Éveline Garnier died on 22 October 1989 as a result of a cardiovascular disease at the Sainte-Périne hospital in the 16th arrondissement of Paris.[2]

Commendations

Commemoration

On the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the Liberation of Paris, the Allee Éveline-Garnier and the Allee Andrée-Jacob were inaugurated in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris on 29 August 2019.[15] [16] [17]

Publications

References

  1. Web site: Dossiers administratifs des Résistantes et Résistants .
  2. [Archives de Paris]
  3. https://www.persee.fr/doc/inrp_0298-5632_1997_ant_13_1_6676 Guy Caplat. GARNIER (Charles-Marie, Georges) (note biographique). Publications de l'Institut national de recherche pédagogique Année 1997 13 .
  4. Web site: Charles Marie Georges Garnier . Site de la BNF .
  5. Crane . Richard Francis . 2011 . "Heart-Rending Ambivalence": Jacques Maritain and the Complexity of Postwar Catholic Philosemitism . Studies in Christian-Jewish Relations . en . 6 . 1 . 10.6017/scjr.v6i1.1820 . 1930-3777. free .
  6. Web site: texte . Cercle d'études Jacques et Raïssa Maritain Auteur du . 1990 . Cahiers Jacques Maritain . Gallica . FR.
  7. Web site: texte . L'Amitié Charles Péguy Auteur du . 1962 . Feuillets mensuels / L'Amitié Charles Péguy . 2019-08-24 . Gallica . FR. .
  8. Web site: Marie-Jo Bonnet raconte les résistantes oubliées .
  9. 2019-09-19 . À Paris, les voies de la Résistance . Le Monde.fr . 2020-07-06. .
  10. Book: Degliame-Fouché . Marcel . Histoire de la Résistance en France de 1940 à 1945 (3) . Noguères . Henri . 1972-01-01 . (Robert Laffont) réédition numérique FeniXX . 978-2-221-23604-8 . 764 . 2019-08-24.
  11. Web site: texte . Cercle d'études Jacques et Raïssa Maritain Auteur du . 1990 . Cahiers Jacques Maritain . Gallica . FR.
  12. Book: Degliame-Fouché . Marcel . Histoire de la Résistance en France de 1940 à 1945 (3) . Noguères . Henri . 1972-01-01 . (Robert Laffont) réédition numérique FeniXX . 978-2-221-23604-8 . 764 . 2019-08-24.
  13. Book: Degliame-Fouché . Marcel . Histoire de la Résistance en France de 1940 à 1945 (3) . Noguères . Henri . 1972-01-01 . (Robert Laffont) réédition numérique FeniXX . 978-2-221-23604-8 . 764 . 2019-08-24.
  14. Web site: texte . Cercle d'études Jacques et Raïssa Maritain Auteur du . 1990 . Cahiers Jacques Maritain . Gallica . FR.
  15. Web site: Des places et des rues en hommage aux militants LGBTQI+ . 2019-08-24 . www.paris.fr . fr.
  16. Web site: Besnard . Anne V. . 2019-06-05 . 25 lieux parisiens inaugurés en hommage à des personnalités et événements LGBTQI ou friendly . 2019-08-24 . Association STOP HOMOPHOBIE Information - Prévention - Aide aux victimes . fr-FR.
  17. Web site: Bonnet . Marie-Jo . Inauguration des allées Andrée Jacob et Éveline Garnier square Louvois, Paris 2e . 2019-09-24 . . fr-FR.