Éric A. Cohen Explained

Éric A. Cohen
Birth Date:19 March 1958
Citizenship:Canadian
Field:HIV Research
Virology
Molecular Biology
Workplaces:Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM)
Université de Montréal
McGill University
Alma Mater:Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf
McGill University
Université de Montréal
Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School
Academic Advisors:William A. Haseltine

Éric A. Cohen (born March 19, 1958) is a Canadian molecular virologist whose research is focused on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-host interactions that govern viral replication and persistence.[1] [2] [3]

Education and Training

Cohen graduated from Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf of Montréal in 1977 with a college diploma in Health Sciences. He received a B.Sc. in Biochemistry from McGill University in 1981 and a Ph.D. in Molecular Biology from Université de Montréal in 1987.[4]

As a Ph.D. student, he worked on fundamental aspects of herpes simplex virus replication and transformation under the direction of Yves Langelier.[5] In 1986, he joined the laboratory of William A. Haseltine at the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School as a postdoctoral fellow, working on fundamental aspects of HIV structure and function to uncover new targets for antiviral therapy. His postdoctoral work led to the identification of two HIV-1 non-structural proteins, named Viral Protein U (Vpu) and Viral Protein R (Vpr), part of a new class of retroviral proteins – designated accessory proteins – that are required for optimal virus multiplication and dissemination.[6]

Career and Research

In 1990, Cohen became a faculty member of the Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology at Université de Montréal and was appointed Professor of Virology in 1999.[7] In 2004, he joined the Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, where he is currently pursuing research aimed at understanding HIV persistence and identifying intervention strategies for an HIV cure.[8]

Cohen's laboratory has contributed to describing the structure and function of Vpr during HIV-1 infection.[9] [10] His work was also involved in defining Vpr as a viral factor with immune-modulatory functions.[11] [12]

Cohen has investigated the role and function of Vpu in HIV pathogenesis.[13] [14] [15] [16] His laboratory demonstrated that Vpu enables the optimal production and dissemination of the virus and helped shed light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which Vpu counteracts BST2 (also designated Tetherin), an interferon-regulated host factor that strongly inhibits the release and transmission of HIV-1 and other enveloped viruses.[17] Cohen's work also showed that Vpu plays a key part in the negative regulation of the CD4 receptor observed during HIV infection and that the antagonistic actions of Vpu on CD4 and BST2 are among the strategies employed by HIV to circumvent several types of anti-HIV immune responses.[18]

Scientific Activities and Involvements

Cohen has received a senior-level Canada Research Chair in Human Retrovirology[19] [20] and most recently the IRCM-Université de Montréal Chair of Excellence in HIV Research.[21] [22] He has authored more than 140 manuscripts[23] and books[24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] published in scientific and medical journals, and holds several international patents. He is the team leader of CanCURE, a multidisciplinary research consortium studying HIV-host interactions governing HIV persistence and developing intervention strategies towards an HIV cure.[30] [31] [32] [33] Cohen is a founding member of the AIDS and Infectious Disease Network (SIDA-MI) of the Fonds de recherche du Québec – Santé (FRQS), and currently serves on its scientific committee.[34] [35] He was also a member of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research HIV/AIDS Research Advisory Committee (CHARAC).[36] He was part of the International AIDS Society (IAS) 2016 International Scientific Working Group of more than 50 experts responsible for updating and revising the 2012 Global Scientific Strategy: Towards an HIV Cure.[37]

Awards

In 2012, Cohen received the Marcel-Piché prize awarded to an IRCM researcher.[38] [39] In 2014, he received the Pierre-Bois prize bestowed to an IRCM researcher for his philanthropic and institutional activities as well as his scientific outreach.[40] [41] He was elected as Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences in 2016.[42] [43]

Biotechnology

Cohen was the director of the Small Genome Division at Human Genome Sciences, a genomics company that was acquired by GlaxoSmithKline.[44] He was a scientific advisor and collaborator for Theratechnologies, a Canadian biotechnology company that developed Egrifta, the only treatment indicated to reduce excess abdominal fat in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy.[45] He was also the co-founder and chairman of the Canadian genomics company Ecopia BioSciences.[46]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Projects – Human retrovirology . 2015-12-06 . 2016-03-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160308024229/https://www.ircm.qc.ca/LARECHERCHE/axes/Immunite/Humaine/Pages/Projets.aspx?PFLG=1033&lan=1033 . dead .
  2. Web site: Dr. Eric Cohen - Experimental Medicine | McGill University . expmed.mcgill.ca . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305105657/http://expmed.mcgill.ca/researcher?id=146 . 2016-03-05.
  3. Web site: Dr. Éric Cohen - CIHR. 2015-06-25.
  4. Web site: Professors Directory.
  5. Web site: Professors Directory.
  6. Web site: Professors Directory.
  7. Web site: Éric A. Cohen - Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie - Université de Montréal.
  8. Web site: Director's biography – Human retrovirology . www.ircm.qc.ca . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160405145258/http://www.ircm.qc.ca/LARECHERCHE/AXES/IMMUNITE/HUMAINE/PAGES/BIOGRAPHIE.ASPX?PFLG=1033&lan=1033 . 2016-04-05.
  9. Web site: Storytelling experiment PenTales comes to Toronto | National Post. 2010-03-30.
  10. Web site: Canada.Com Homepage Canada.Com.
  11. 21957298. 3209390. 2011. Pham. T. N.. Modulation of NKG2D-mediated cytotoxic functions of natural killer cells by viral protein R from HIV-1 primary isolates. Journal of Virology. 85. 23. 12254–61. Richard. J.. Gerard. F. C.. Power. C.. 10.1128/JVI.05835-11.
  12. 20008788. 3955183. 2010. Richard. J.. HIV-1 VPR up-regulates expression of ligands for the activating NKG2D receptor and promotes NK cell-mediated killing. Blood. 115. 7. 1354–63. Sindhu. S.. Pham. T. N.. Belzile. J. P.. Cohen. E. A.. 10.1182/blood-2009-08-237370.
  13. Web site: Dr. Éric Cohen.
  14. Web site: HIV uses the immune system's own tools to suppress it.
  15. Web site: Une stratégie du VIH démasquée par des Montréalais | Sida : Sur les traces d'une pandémie.
  16. Web site: VIH : Découverte importante de deux chercheurs québécois (VIDÉO). 2015-07-16.
  17. 20386718. 2851737. 2010. Dubé. M.. Antagonism of tetherin restriction of HIV-1 release by Vpu involves binding and sequestration of the restriction factor in a perinuclear compartment. PLOS Pathogens. 6. 4. e1000856. Roy. B. B.. Guiot-Guillain. P.. Binette. J.. Mercier. J.. Chiasson. A.. Cohen. E. A.. 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000856 . free .
  18. 24498878. 3930549. 2014. Pham. T. N.. HIV Nef and Vpu protect HIV-infected CD4+ T cells from antibody-mediated cell lysis through down-modulation of CD4 and BST2. Retrovirology. 11. 15. Lukhele. S.. Hajjar. F.. Routy. J. P.. Cohen. Éric A.. 10.1186/1742-4690-11-15 . free .
  19. Web site: Dr. Éric Cohen - CIHR. 2015-06-25.
  20. Web site: Nouvelles @ UdeM - Renouvellement des Chaires de recherche du Canada . nouvelles.umontreal.ca . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151222170951/http://nouvelles.umontreal.ca/archives/2007-2008/content/view/695/131/index.html . 2015-12-22.
  21. Web site: News . www.ircm.qc.ca . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151222102431/http://www.ircm.qc.ca/Medias/Nouvelles/Pages/Detail.aspx?pID=452&PFLG=1033&lan=1033 . 2015-12-22.
  22. Web site: Article. 2019-07-08.
  23. Web site: My Bibliography - NCBI.
  24. Haseltine, W.A., Terwilliger, E.F., Cohen, E.A., Sodroski, J.G., Lu, Y., Salfeld, J. and Göttlinger, H. Novel genes and coding sequences of HIV-1. (Proceedings of Colloque Des Cent Gardes) Publisher Pasteur Vaccin, 1990.
  25. Cohen, E.A., Terwilliger, E.F. and Haseltine, W.A. The Vpr protein of HIV-1 is a virion associated positive regulatory protein in genetic structure and HIV regulation. Harvard AIDS Institute, Raven Press, 1991.
  26. Göttlinger, H. and Cohen, E.A. The Vpu gene product of HIV. HIV: a practical approach. Volume 2. Biochemistry, Molecular biology and Drug Discovery. Edited by Jonathan Karn. IRL Press at Oxford University Press. 1995.
  27. Cohen, E.A. Le SIDA: un défi pour la recherche biomédicale. Dans: Mise à jour de la situation sur le SIDA, volume 2. Morrissette et Ghadirian, Hôtel Dieu de Montréal, 1995.
  28. Cohen, E.A., Subbramanian, R.A. and Göttlinger, H. Role of auxiliary proteins in retroviral morphogenesis. Current topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Morphogenesis and Maturation of Retroviruses. 214. Edited by H.-G. Kräusslich. Springer. Chapter 7, 219-235, 1996.
  29. Bergeron, D., Beaulieu, S., Lafontaine, M., Courchesne, I. and Cohen, E.A. Infection of human thymic dendritic cells with HIV-1 induces the release of a cytotoxic factor(s). Dendritic cells in fundamental and clinical Immunology, Vol. 3. (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Vol. 417) Edited by P. Ricciardi-Castgnoli. Plenum Press, New York, Chapter 71, 433-438, 1997.
  30. Web site: Government of Canada and its partners invest in a cure for HIV - CIHR . www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131202221106/http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/47659.html . 2013-12-02.
  31. Web site: Canadian Initiative for HIV Cure Research CANFAR . www.canfar.com . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150405051640/http://www.canfar.com/content/CANCure . 2015-04-05.
  32. Web site: CIHR funding HIV research in Montreal | CTV News Montreal. 28 November 2013.
  33. Web site: Ottawa announces $10.7 million in funding for research aimed at curing HIV - National | Globalnews.ca. 2013-11-29.
  34. Web site: Biographie du directeur – Rétrovirologie humaine . www.ircm.qc.ca . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110608225640/http://www.ircm.qc.ca/LARECHERCHE/axes/Immunite/Humaine/Pages/Biographie.aspx . 2011-06-08.
  35. Web site: Professors Directory.
  36. Web site: CIHR HIV/AIDS Research Advisory Committee (CHARAC) - CIHR. July 2005.
  37. Web site: Advisory Board and Industry Collaboration Group.
  38. Web site: Biographie du directeur – Rétrovirologie humaine . www.ircm.qc.ca . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110608225640/http://www.ircm.qc.ca/LARECHERCHE/axes/Immunite/Humaine/Pages/Biographie.aspx . 2011-06-08.
  39. Web site: Le Dr Éric Cohen Lauréat du Prix Marcel-Piché. 2 December 2012 .
  40. Web site: Director's biography – Human retrovirology . www.ircm.qc.ca . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160405145258/http://www.ircm.qc.ca/LARECHERCHE/AXES/IMMUNITE/HUMAINE/PAGES/BIOGRAPHIE.ASPX?PFLG=1033&lan=1033 . 2016-04-05.
  41. Web site: Professors Directory.
  42. Web site: The Royal Society of Canada names 2016 New Fellows | the Royal Society of Canada.
  43. Web site: New Fellows – Canadian Academy of Health Sciences | Académie canadienne des sciences de la santé.
  44. Web site: Human Genome Sciences acquired by GlaxoSmithKline - Washington Business Journal. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20121230025131/http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/print-edition/2012/12/28/human-genome-sciences-acquired-by.html. 2012-12-30.
  45. Web site: Egrifta.
  46. Web site: Company Profile for Ecopia Biosciences . www.biohealthmatics.com . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151222103648/http://www.biohealthmatics.com/Companies/Profile/Ecopia_Biosciences/212/ . 2015-12-22.

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