Childir Eyalet Explained

Native Name:Eyālet-i Čildir
Common Name:Eyalet of Childir
Subdivision:Eyalet
Nation:the Ottoman Empire
Year Start:1578
Year End:1845
Event Start:Battle of Çıldır
P1:Principality of Guria
Flag P1:Banner of Guria.svg
P2:Principality of Meskheti
Flag P2:Flag of the Principality of Samtskhe.svg
S1:Trabzon Eyalet
S2:Kars Eyalet
S3:Tiflis Governorate
Flag S3:Flag of Russia.svg
Image Map Caption:The Childir Eyalet in 1609
Capital:Çıldır 1578–1628;
Ahıska 1628-1829
Oltu 1829-1845
Today:Georgia
Turkey

The Eyalet of Childir[1] (Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928);: ایالت چلدر|translit=Eyālet-i Çıldır)[2] or Akhalzik[3] was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire in the Southwestern Caucasus. The area of the former Çıldır Eyalet is now divided between Samtskhe-Javakheti and the Autonomous Republic of Adjara in Georgia and provinces of Artvin, Ardahan and Erzurum in Turkey. The administrative center was Çıldır between 1578 and 1628, Ahıska between 1628 and 1829, and Oltu between 1829 and 1845.

History

Samtskhe was the only Georgian principality to permanently become an Ottoman province (as the eyalet of Cildir). In the eighty years after the Battle of Zivin, the region was gradually absorbed into the empire.

The Ottomans took the Ahıska region from the Principality of Meskheti, a vassal state of Safavid dynasty. In 1578, when the new province was established, they appointed the former Georgian prince, Minuchir (who took the name of Mustafa after converting to Islam) as the first governor.[4] This eyalet expanded after taking the Adjara region from the Principality of Guria in 1582. From 1625 onwards the entire eyalet was a hereditary possession of the now-Muslim Jaqeli atabegs of Samtskhe,[5] which administered it as hereditary governors, with some exceptions, until the mid-18th century.[4] After 1639, the Jaqeli Pashas of Childir were charged with reining in the kings of Imereti.[6]

During the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829), Russians occupied much of the province. The administrative centre was moved from Akhaltsikhe, which was ceded to Russia, to Oltu.

By the Treaty of Adrianople, much of the pashalik was ceded to Russia, and became part of the Russian Akhalzik uezd (district) of Kutaisi Governorate.[7] The remaining, smaller inner part was united with the eyalet of Kars (later part of Eyalet of Erzurum) in 1845 and its coastal areas were united with Trabzon Eyalet in 1829.[8]

Governors

Administrative divisions

Sanjaks of the Eyalet in the 17th century:[10]

  1. Sanjak of Oulti (Oltu)
  2. Sanjak of Harbus
  3. Sanjak of Ardinj (Ardanuç)
  4. Sanjak of Hajrek (Hanak)
  5. Sanjak of Great Ardehan
  6. Sanjak of Postkhu
  7. Sanjak of Mahjil (Macahel)
  8. Sanjak of Ijareh-penbek
  1. Sanjak of Purtekrek (Yusufeli)
  2. Sanjak of Lawaneh (Livane/Artvin)
  3. Sanjak of Nusuf Awan
  4. Sanjak of Shushad (Şavşat)

See also

Notes and References

  1. Book: Society for the diffusion of useful knowledge. The penny cyclopædia [ed. by G. Long].]. 2013-06-01. 1843. 180.
  2. Web site: Some Provinces of the Ottoman Empire. Geonames.de. 25 February 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130928180044/http://www.geonames.de/coutr-ota-provinces.html. 28 September 2013. dead.
  3. Other variants of this name include Akalzike (from Book: Malthe Conrad Bruun. Universal geography, or A description of all the parts of the world. 2013-06-02. 1822. 121.)
  4. Book: Gábor Ágoston. Bruce Alan Masters. Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. 2013-06-01. 2009-01-01. Infobase Publishing. 978-1-4381-1025-7. 141.
  5. Book: D. E. Pitcher. An Historical Geography of the Ottoman Empire: From Earliest Times to the End of the Sixteenth Century. 2013-06-01. 1972. Brill Archive. 140. GGKEY:4CFA3RCNXRP.
  6. Web site: Armani . Henry John . 1970 . THE RUSSIAN ANNEXATION OF THE KINGDOM OF IMERETIA, 1800-1815: IN THE LIGHT OF RUSSO-OTTOMAN RELATIONS . 2024-04-09 . . 20 . en.
  7. Book: The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 2013-06-02. 1838. Charles Knight. 174.
  8. Book: The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 2013-06-01. 1843. C. Knight. 393.
  9. http://www.tkaonline.org/haberler-en/12522.html OVER 50,000 PEOPLE VISIT ISHAK PASHA PALACE IN EASTERN TURKEY
  10. Book: Evliya Çelebi. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall. Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa in the Seventeenth Century. 2013-06-01. 1834. Oriental Translation Fund. 95.

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