A "yo mama" joke is a form of humor involving a verbal disparaging of one's mother. Used as an insult, "your mother..." preys on widespread sentiments of parental respect. Suggestions of promiscuity and obesity are common,[1] but the form's limit is human ingenuity. Compared to other types of insults, "your mother" insults are especially likely to incite violence.[2] Slang variants such as "ur mum" are sometimes used, depending on speaker. Insults involving "your mother" are commonly used when playing the Dozens. In non-American areas, the association can be with juvenile culture generally.
Although the phrase has a long history of including a description portion, such as the old "your mother wears combat boots", the phrase "yo mama" by itself, without any qualifiers, has become commonly used as an all-purpose insult[3] or an expression of defiance.
Your mom jokes usually consist of a sentence that starts with "Your mother..." This is followed by either a derogatory statement about the mother's behavior, appearance, social status, or intelligence ("...is so fat..."), illustrated with an example ("... she looks at the menu and then says to the waiter: Okay."), which at the same time pushes the content of the statement into implausibility, providing the punch line of the joke. However, these absurd statements can also follow directly after the beginning of the joke, whereby the explicit insult of the mother as fat, ugly, poor or stupid is omitted and only implicitly resonates. For example, the sentence "Your mother's name is Ottfried and she is the bull of Tölz" contains an allusion to both the alleged fullness and lack of femininity of the other's mother. More unusual variants consist of several sentences which initially tell a more complex story but later boils down to the same punchline.
Your mother jokes can also be designed as an interplay of insults that tie in with each other in dialogue and outdo each other, for example in this form:
The incarnations of filial piety in various cultures are reflected by examples through history.
Rabbi Eliezer (c. 100 CE) was said[4] to have interrupted a man reading aloud the opening words of the then-banned and still-troubling Ezekiel 23.
Plutarch's biography of Cicero notes that:[5]
In the Strategies of the Warring States, it is recorded that the following was said by the King Wei of Qi after hearing of his envoy being insulted by the King of Zhou:[6]
John Dollard said the dozens was a way to express or mitigate anger in underprivileged African-American groups. There are issues of gender, as he imagined this a matter of young men within a matriarchal structure.[7]
Movies have seen the incorporation of "Yo Mama" jokes, utilized as punchlines or comedic dialogues between characters. For instance, in the movie White Men Can't Jump, characters exchange "Yo Mama" jokes. Other movies like The Nutty Professor (1996) have featured "Yo Mama" jokes as part of the comedic interaction between characters.[8] Comedian Richard Pryor also incorporated "Yo Mama" jokes in some of his stand-up routines, contributing to the jokes' popularity.[9]